1. ryan henrici michelle squiteri peter searle
End of World War II
ryan henrici
michelle squiteri
peter searle

2. Table of Contents Conferences and End of the War
V-E Day and Beginnings of the Cold War
Nuremberg Trials and Creation of the UN
Discussion Questions

3. Casablanca Conference of 1943
US (Pres. FDR), and GB (PM. Winston Churchill)
Soviets (Stalin) did not attend
Held in Morocco
Unconditional Surrender
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Finalized Allied offensive attack strategy

4. Casablanca Attack Strategy
Allied staging area
supplies
bombing
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Sicily
invasion

5. Cairo Conference of 1943 US (Pres. FDR), GB, China
China officially joins Allies
Return Japanese occupied territories post WWII
FDR wants to raise public confidence in China
Public dislike and distrust China
Establish China as one of the “Four Policemen” (US, GB, SU, CN)
China to oversee peace in Asia
China does not want to aid Burma offensive
Burma is an English colony
Boosted Chinese morale
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6. Tehran Conference of 1943
US (Pres. FDR) , GB, and Soviet Union
Finalized Operation Overlord
Opened eastern front to relieve Red Army
Stalin agrees to declare war on Japan
Post-War plans
Poland
Soviet Territory and Ports
Plans for United Nations
“Declaration of the Three Powers Regarding Iran”
Promised aid to Iran post war in thanks for their wartime aid
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7. Yalta Conference of 1945
US (Pres. FDR), GB, SU
Soviets in the Pacific
Rewards for Pacific Aid
Sphere of Influence in Manchuria
Port Arthur
Kurile Islands
Germany takes responsibility for war
France as a Security Council Member
Post-War governments should be friendly
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8. Potsdam Conference of 1945 US (Pres. Truman), GB, SU
Negotiate Allied terms of surrender
Disagreement over reparations
SU wants heavy
Truman wants to prevent a WWI outcome
Divide Germany into 4 demil. Allie-Occupied zones
All Nuremberg Laws repealed
Germany is remade Democratic
All authoritarian influences eliminated
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9. Potsdam Conference of 1945 Redefinition of Poland Potsdam Declaration
Large Germ territory goes to Poland
Wanted to prevent a mass German exodus
Potsdam Declaration
US SU cooperation declines
Cold War Relations
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10. End of War Timeline 1943-1945 Battle of Tunis, May 7
Axis forces in N. Africa surrender, May 13
Battle of Kursk, July 4- Aug 1
Allies land at Sicily, July 10
Italians Secretly Surrender Sept 3
Allies Land at Salerno July 19
Allies land at Anzio Jan 22
Allies invade Normandy June 6 (D-Day)
Soviets push Germans into Poland, mid-July
Paris liberated Aug 25
Polish resistance revolts against Germans in Warsaw Aug-Oct
Battle of the Bulge, Dec 16- Feb7 (Last Sig. Germ offensive)
Yalta Conference Feb 4-11
Soviets launch attack on Berlin April 16
Hitler commits suicide Apr 30
Germany surrenders-, WWII in Europe ends May 7

11. Table of Contents Conferences and End of the War
V-E Day and Beginnings of the Cold War
Nuremberg Trials and Creation of the UN
Discussion Questions

13. The Basics “Victory In Europe Day” May 8, 1945
World War II Allies accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany
Marked the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich

14. Allies Take Control
By January of 1945, the Soviet Army had reached the Oder river outside Berlin and Allies pushed into Italy
April 1945, Mussolini tried to flee to Switzerland but was captured and executed
American and British troops had now crossed the Rhine River into Germany and In April, a U.S army reached the Elbe River, 50 miles West of Berlin.
Allied forces now prepared for an all out offensive to take Hitler’s capital, Berlin

15. The Surrender
Hitler had finally become aware he was going to be defeated, shaken by tremors and drugs, he gave his last useless orders
On 30 April Hitler and a few of his closest associates committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin
His plan for the “Thousand Year Reich only lasted a dozen years
On May 7, Germany surrendered in a little French school house which served as Eisenhower’s headquarters

16. The Surrender
The act of military surrender was signed on May 7th in Reims, France and May 8th in Berlin, Germany.
The surrender of Germany was authorized by his replacement, President of Germany Karl Dönitz.
The administration headed up by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg government.

17. Post Victory & Celebration
More than a million people celebrated in the streets to mark the end of the European part of the war.
In London, crowds massed in Trafalgar Square and up The Mall to Buckingham Palace, where King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, accompanied by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, appeared on the balcony of the Palace before cheering crowds.
In the United States, President Harry Truman, who turned 61 that day, dedicated the victory to the memory of his predecessor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had died less than a month earlier, on April 12.

18. Post Victory & Celebration
Flags remained at half-staff for the remainder of the 30-day mourning period, which ended on May 12. Massive celebrations also took place in Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and especially in New York City's Times Square
Many hardships remained, however, including continued rationing of food and clothing, which lasted even longer in peacetime than it had during the war.

19. US and Soviet Differences & Beginning of the Cold War

20. US and SU Differences
US relations with the Soviet Union after the war were beginning to break down
They had only been united in their opposition to Nazi Germany during the war
The United States was a capitalist Democracy, its citizens believed in free elections, economic and religious freedoms, private property, and respect for individual differences
On the other hand, the Soviet Union was a Dictatorship
Under Joseph Stalin, the communist Party made all key economic, political, and military decisions

21. Disagreement
Following the Yalta Conference, it was unclear as to how Germany and the Nations of Eastern Europe would be governed after the war
Stalin wanted to keep Germany weak and divided and Europe to remain under the control of the Soviet Union
The United States sought a stronger and united Germany and independent nations in Eastern Europe

22. Disagreement
Stalin agreed to establish broadly representative governments and free elections in Eastern Europe and divide Germany only temporarily into zones of occupation
Despite this agreement, nearly all the lands occupied by the Soviet Red Army in 1945 remained under Soviet control after the war
Poland, Czech, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria as well as Eastern Germany became Satellite States of the Soviet Union

23. Truman & Stalin Clash
Stalin refused to make a commitment to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
This angered Truman and led him to believe that the Soviet Union was planning world conquest
Alliance was quickly falling apart
With Stalin and the enormous Red Army in power, The US began to view the Soviet Union as a real threat and a rivalry began to brew

24. Cold War Begins The next 46 years were Known as the Cold War
Great Britain was on the US side and Churchill proposed that an “Iron Curtain” had descended across the Continent
East of it, The SU was gaining power and control by installing communist Gov. and crushing political and religious dissent, and that the Su was going to attempt to spread communism

25. Truman Doctrine
March 12, 1947 President Truman asked Congress for money to support free people (Greece and Turkey) who were resisting attempted conquest by armed minorites or outside pressure
Congress responded by giving $400 million in aid for Greece and Turkey
This promise from Truman to aid nations struggling against Communist movements was known as the Truman Doctrine

26. Containing Soviet Expansion
George F. Kennan, an American diplomat published an article called “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” in which he introduced the idea of containment
The goal of containment was to keep communism contained within its existing borders
The Americans believed that Stalin would not risk starting an all out war with the US just to spread his communism

27. Marshall Plan
In Western Europe after WWII, people did not have food, fuel, and medical supplies, as well as the cold winters
Secretary of State, George Marshall unveiled a recovery plan for Europe
Early 1948, Congress approved the Marshall Plan, in which over the next 4 years the US gave $13 billion in grants and loans to Western Europe
By helping and offering to help these countries, it helped the US increase in foreign trade and most importantly helped join powers to work against the expansion of communism

28. Table of Contents Conferences and End of the War
V-E Day and Beginnings of the Cold War
Nuremberg Trials and Creation of the UN
Discussion Questions

29. Insert a picture illustrating a custom or tradition here.
The Nuremberg Trials

30. The Nuremberg Trials
"The wrongs we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated so malignant and so devastating that civilization can not tolerate their being ignored, because it can not survive their being repeated." ~Robert Jackson Chief United States Prosecutor The Nuremberg Trials
&
Supreme Court Justice

31. What is The Nuremberg Trials?
The Nuremberg Trials is when Twenty-four major political and military leaders of Nazi Germany, indicated for aggressive war, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, were brought to trial before the International Military Tribunal. The trials were held in Nuremberg, Germany and lasted from

32. Chief Prosecutors of The Nuremberg Trials
Robert Jackson- A Supreme Court Justice in the United States of America
Lord Hartley Shawcross- A British barrister and politician
General R. A. Rudenko- A Soviet Union lawyer

33. Chief Prosecutors of The Nuremberg Trials
François de Menthon- A French Politician and Professor of Law
Auguste Champetier de Ribes- A French Politician and Jurist

34. The Twenty-four Men
The Trials began on October 18th 1945 and ended in October of 1946 here is the outcome
Of the 24 indicted Nazi leaders, 22 were tried at The Nuremburg Trials
Only 22 were tried due to Robert Ley’s suicide and Gustav Krupp stood down due to illness
3 of the 22 defendants were acquitted
19 were found guilty
3 were sentenced to life in prison
4 were sentence to years of prison
12 were sentenced to death

35. Creation of the United Nations

36. Table of Contents Conferences and End of the War
V-E Day and Beginnings of the Cold War
Nuremberg Trials and Creation of the UN
Discussion Questions

37. Discussion Questions
Which Conference was most influential in the Allied victory?
How could the Post-WWII reconstruction been handled to prevent the Cold War Crisis?