1. Industrial Revolution and Society (1780s – 1830s) Chapter 12, Sections 1 and 4

2. Factors of Industrial Revolution First Industrial Revolution lasted from 1780s – 1830s 5 primary reasons for Industrial Revolution (APCAS) – Agricultural practices change – Population growth – Capital, or a ready supply of money available – Availability of natural resources – Supply of markets

3. Industries Change Cotton Industry – During 1700s, done almost exclusively at home (cottage industry) – New inventions like the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and water powered loom speed process Coal and Iron Industry – Coal was in higher demand to fuel steam engines – Higher quality iron created through process called puddling The Factory – Work brought from home to more efficient factories – Growth in labor produces more capital for the population

4. New Technology Spreads Revolution Railroads made moving supplies long distances easier and more efficient 1804 – 1 st steam powered locomotive in Britain – Pulled 10 tons and 70 people at 5 mph 1830 – The Rocket is introduced – Pulls 40 tons at 16 mph – William Huskisson – first person killed by train By 1850s, trains are running up to 50 mph across 6,000 miles of track in Britain

5. Industrialization in the United States 1800 – 6 out of 7 workers were farmers, no cities over 100,000 people 1860 – 50% of workers were farmers, 9 cities over 100,000 people Key to industrial growth was transportation – Canals and waterways branching off Mississippi use steamboats – 30,000 miles of railroad track by 1860 Labor came from farms and small towns – Sometimes entire families were targeted

6. Societal Impact of Industrial Revolution Population growth – Result of new crop production methods, fewer wars, less disease – 1750 – 140 million, 1850 – 266 million New Classes – Industrial middle class Fueled by industrial capitalism Replaced bourgeoisie – Industrial working class Replaced lower classes Long work days, rough conditions, little break Early Socialism – Socialism is a system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns and controls some means of production – Wanted equality of all people in all aspects of life – Hoped to replace competition of industry with cooperation of industry

7. Romanticism and Realism Romanticism – Reversal of Enlightenment thinking – Emphasized feelings, emotions, and imagination as a source of knowledge – Sought knowledge in nature, uniqueness of individual Realism – Belief that the world should be viewed realistically – Demonstrated this in both art and literature

8. New Age of Science Medicine – Louis Pasteur develops methods of using germs to cure disease Origin of man – 1859 – Charles Darwin publishes Origin of Species Argued Organic Evolution, or that each plant and animal species had derived from a common ancestor Natural selection – some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others Relationship with religion – Time period is one of secularization, or moving away from the church

9. Exit Slip What were the 5 causes of the first Industrial Revolution? How were the cotton, coal, and iron industries changed following the Industrial Revolution? What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes?