1. Culture

2. What is Culture?
Culture is the total of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by the members shared of a specific group.

3. Society
Society is a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture.

4. Factors of Culture Food and shelter Religion
Relationships to family and others
Language
Education
Security
Political/Social Organizations
Creative Expression

5. Culture TEKS 16
- Culture. The student understands how the components of culture affect the way people live in shape the characteristics of regions.

6. Cultural Patterns of the U.S.
Northeast Region –
Located on the Atlantic Coast
Mixed cultures due to immigration
Heavily industrialized and urbanized
“Gateway” to America
Land is to rocky to grow crops
Has a lack of traditional industries
International Trade Centers
First settled by Europeans
TEK 16A

7. Cultural Patterns of the U.S.
Midwest Region –
Large flat prairies, 1/5 of the U.S. land
Contains ¼ of the U.S. Population
Agriculture and traditional industries
The “breadbasket” region and America’s heartland.
Resulting from the Revolutionary War, the Midwest has been the destination for many immigrants.
Early settlers from Britain, Germany, and Scandinavia.
TEK 16A

8. Cultural Patterns of the U.S.
The South –
¼ of U.S. Land
More than 1/3 of U.S. Population
Warm climates, fertile soil, and natural resources have shaped its development.
Early European Settlement Site
Mixed cultures reflect the diversity of the early settlers
British Heritage, Descendants of African’s (Slavery), Hispanic, and Cajuns.
Agriculture
TEK 16A

9. Cultural Patterns in the U.S.
West Region –
Diverse Climates and Landscape
Most rapidly growing region in the United States
Economic activities depend on climate and landscape
Foreign Trades
Influenced by European Cultures
½ of U.S. Land
1/5 of U.S. Population
TEK 16A

10. Elements of Culture 7 Elements of Culture: Social Organization
Customs, Traditions, and Values
Language
Technology, Arts, and Literature
Religion
Forms of Government
Economic Systems
16B

11. Elements Of Culture Social Organizations:
When a culture organizes it’s members into smaller groups.
Society and the Individual:
Individual Family Clan Tribe
16B

12. Elements of Culture Customs, Traditions, and Values –
Rules of behaviors
Value is the importance of something
A custom is an accepted habitual practice
Traditions are beliefs or customs that are passed on from generation to generation.
16B

13. Elements of Culture Language –
Important for communication and passing on traditions and beliefs.
One of the most important aspects of culture.
Language helps establish a cultural identity.
A dialect reflects change in speech patterns related to class, region, and cultural changes.
It can be diffused in many ways. (ex: during international trades).
16B

14. Elements of Culture Technology, Arts, and Literature –
Arts can include music, performing, and visual arts.
Teach about a culture’s value
Promotes pride and unity
Oral and written literature often illustrate aspects of the culture like behaviors and attitudes.
Music is a cultural aspect found in ALL societies.
16B

15. Elements of Culture Religion –
Consist of a belief in a supernatural power(s) that are regarded as the creators and maintainers of the earth.
It spreads across the world through diffusion
Establishes beliefs and values of a person
Monotheistic; with a belief in one god
Polytheistic; with belief in many gods
Animistic/Traditional; with a belief in divine forces in nature.
Major Religions: Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism.
16B

16. Elements of Culture Forms of Government –
Governments are formed to provide people with their common needs.
Democracy; citizens hold political power through representatives.
Monarchy; A ruling family with kings and queens.
Dictatorship; an individual or group holds complete power.
Communism; Political powers are held by the government in the name of the people.
16B

17. Elements of Culture Economic Systems –
The way people produce and exchange goods and services
Traditional; goods and services are exchanged without the presence of money.
Command; production of goods and services are determined by the government.
Market; production of goods and services are determined by the demand from consumers.
Mixed; a combination of command and market economies provides goods and services so that all people will benefit.
16B

18. Elements of Culture in the U.S.
English is the dominant language and Spanish comes in 2nd.
Religious Freedom; the most common is Christianity.
Rich Artistic Heritage; motion pictures and music are influential art forms.
Ethnic groups contribute to musical heritage
ex: jazz, blues, gospel, and hip-hop have African American heritages.
Most adults work in the U.S.
Advanced education; children 6-16 are required to attend school.
16B

19. Perceptual Region
A region in which people perceive the characteristics of the region in the same way.
Characteristics may not be the same for all people.
Ex: All Texans own horses and have a southern accent. This is a perceptual region because others that have not visited Texas, only know how it is like from media sources like TV. On TV it shows that all Texans are “cowboys” and have accents. Therefore people take this “knowledge” they have to assume characteristics of a region.
16C

20. Urban vs. Rural Areas In Urban Areas it is; Made of cities
The center of businesses
Crowded or Populated; Busy
Holds all modes of transportation
Based on land use; presidential, industrial, and commercial
Modern Facilities
Well Developed
16D

21. Urban vs. Rural Areas In Rural Areas it is; Less populated
Not crowded with construction
Not compacted; houses are widely spread apart.
Agricultural
Peaceful and slow paced
Close to nature and animals
Not fully developed with highways, modes of transportation, or technology.
16D

22. Patterns of Culture
Society – is a group that shares a geographic region, a sense of identity, and a culture.
Ethnic Group – a group that shares a common language, customs, and heritage.
Theme: Place – how humans interact with others.
Theme: Region – how places are similar or different.
Language – allows people to communicate and pass on traditions.
Cultural Identity – Dialect
Religion – establish beliefs and values
17A

23. Major Religions
Animism - The belief in a supernatural power that organizes and animates the material universe.
17B

24. Major Religions Judaism – Southwest Asia Religion In Israel
Oldest monotheistic religion
Tradition of faith and culture tied together
Holy book is called the Torah
Religious Center is Jerusalem
17B

25. Major Religion Christianity –
It is thought that Christianity evolved from Judaism.
Teaching of Jesus Christ
It is the largest of all religions
Found on every continent
3 Major Groups
Roman Catholics
Protestant
Eastern Orthodox
17B

26. Major Religion Islam – Originated in Southwest Asia
Based on teachings of Muhammad
Muslims
God – Allah : close to Judaism and Christianity
2 Major Divisions:
Sunni
Shi’ite
17B

27. Major Religion Hinduism – One of the oldest religions
Concentrated in India
Polytheistic
Caste System – levels of fixed social classes with specific duties.
17B

28. Major Religion Buddhism – Based off of Hinduism
Siddhartha Gautama was the founder
Branches: Theravada (South), Mahayana (East), and Tibetan (North).
Found in Asia (China, Japan, Korean, and India).
No caste system
17B

29. Major Religions Sikhism – Monotheistic religion
Founded in Punjab (Northern India)
Founded by Guru Nanak
Believe in the Ten Gurus and the Guru Granth Sahib
17B

30. Women Opportunities U.S. and Canada –
There is equal opportunities for both men and women.
Latin America –
Equal education for women
Increasing women’s role in politics.
Europe –
Northern Europe has more women political strength.
Africa –
North Africa has increasing women’s rights; jobs outside the home, equal pay, and they now have a say in marriages.
The length of school attendance for women is increasing.
Asia –
Arabic women cover their head, hairs, and faces to please God.
Women roles have expanded; they are more educated.
South West Asia has a strict role of women in society; it is hard for them to get a job but shortages in workers has created opportunities.
South Asia –
- Pakistan women have to wear veils in public
17C

31. Multicultural Societies
A multicultural society is a group of people with different cultures.
Multicultural societies include differences in;
- language
- religion
- beliefs
- traditions
- values
17D

32. Cultural Changes Caused by: - Constant immigration within the U.S.
Push-Pull Factors
Cultural Diffusion – the spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behaviors.
Innovation – taking existing technology and resources and creating something new to meet needs.
Cultural Hearths such as: Indus River in S. Asia, Huang He in E. Asia, the Nile River in Africa, and the Tigris and Euphrates in the Southwest Asia.
18A

33. Causes of Conflicts
Terrorism – the unlawful use of force or violence against individuals or property for the purpose of intimidating or causing fear politically or socially.
Genocide means trying to destroy a group.
Coalition – an alliance
Ex: when the U.S. joined forces with nations such as Canada, China, G. Britain, Pakistan, Russia, and many more to fight the war against terrorism after 9/11.
18A

34. Maintaining Tradition
Traditional Economy – goods and services being traded without the presence of money.
Being geographically isolated from others can also be a way of maintaining tradition.
Cultural Divergence
18C

35. Cultural Traits
Diffusion – the spread of ideas, inventions, and behaviors.
Cultural Convergence – the contact/interactions between two cultures.
Cultural Divergence – the restrictions of cultures from outside influences.
Latin America has shown little support for democratic rule until recently.
Democracy is now seen by many countries as an essential part of equation needed to achieve widespread prosperity.
18D

36. Duhh’ Ehhhnnd