1. Civil War- 1860-1865 Tensions- 1850Tension over new states- Ca, Utah, New Mex- Compromise- Ca free, Ut. NM can choose, stronger fugitive slave law 1850’s Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman, Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beechman Stowe- slavery also a moral issue 1854Tension over Kansas, Nebraska- violence erupts, even in Senate - Political parties split N & S, Republican party forms- against spread of slavery 1857Dred Scott decision- slave sued owner for freedom after going to free territory, ruled for owner, slave is property- S victory

2. The Struggle- background

3. 1860Democrats split votes- Lincoln is elected- South Secession led by S. Carolina- Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Texas- fight over states rights vs. federal power S. attacks union forts in the S. S. attacks union forts in the S. Jefferson Davis- president -Virginia, Tennessee, N. Carolina, Arkansas join Confederacy Jefferson Davis- president -Virginia, Tennessee, N. Carolina, Arkansas join ConfederacyAdvantages- N- More industry, factories, men, food production, railroad for transportation N- More industry, factories, men, food production, railroad for transportation S- good generals (Robert E. Lee), motivated soldiers, S- good generals (Robert E. Lee), motivated soldiers, Union plan- block S. ports, move down Mississippi river, take Richmond, Virginia Union plan- block S. ports, move down Mississippi river, take Richmond, Virginia

4. Battles- 1860Bull Run- Confederates win- Stonewall ( General Thomas) Jackson 1862West- Ulysses Grant, invades Tennessee, Shiloh- 25,000 die, take New Orleans, East- McClellan trains for 5 months, meets Robert E. Lee and Confederates in Richmond driven back East- McClellan trains for 5 months, meets Robert E. Lee and Confederates in Richmond driven back Antietam- Union wins, 26,000 dead 1 day Antietam- Union wins, 26,000 dead 1 day 1863S some wins invade N, Gettysburg- 3 day battle, 50,000+ died, S turns back, Gettysburg address- Lincoln, united country S. morale suffers, lack of food, supplies S. morale suffers, lack of food, supplies N. defeats S in West (Mississippi river) N. defeats S in West (Mississippi river) 1864Grant fights Lee in Virginia many die, Sherman through Georgia, S. Carolina, much destruction, Lincoln wins term 2 1865Grant, Sherman surround Richmond, S surrenders, Confederate soldiers treated nicely, sent home w/ food

5. Politics- 1863- Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln did not believe federal govt had the right to abolish slavery, ( his main goal was to save the union) but freed them as they were captured to hurt S war making ability. 1863- Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln did not believe federal govt had the right to abolish slavery, ( his main goal was to save the union) but freed them as they were captured to hurt S war making ability. Britain- S hopes Britain will join, stay neutral Britain- S hopes Britain will join, stay neutral Union & Confederacy- problems with unity, suspend Habeas Corpus – expand pres. power in crisis, Conscription- the draft- forcing people into service Union & Confederacy- problems with unity, suspend Habeas Corpus – expand pres. power in crisis, Conscription- the draft- forcing people into service Life/ Economy- African Americans join armies- non battle duties, fought bravely African Americans join armies- non battle duties, fought bravely Plantation system falls, expand N economy, hurts S, food & supply shortages in S Plantation system falls, expand N economy, hurts S, food & supply shortages in S Soldier life hard, dirty, poor food, medical care Soldier life hard, dirty, poor food, medical care Sanitary Commission- try to improve conditions, women nurses Sanitary Commission- try to improve conditions, women nurses

7. End of War/ Effects- 620,000 dead, 10% fought 620,000 dead, 10% fought no longer threat to break away no longer threat to break away federal power grows federal power grows S economy bad shape S economy bad shape War technology improved- land mines, grenades, iron clad ships, rifles War technology improved- land mines, grenades, iron clad ships, rifles 13th amendment- end slavery 13th amendment- end slavery April 14, 1865- Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theater- John Wilkes Booth April 14, 1865- Lincoln assassinated at Ford’s Theater- John Wilkes Booth

8. Reconstruction 1865-1877 Politics- Lincoln/ Johnson VS. Radical Republicans/ Congress - Easy readmission-strict readmission, fewer pardons - Pardon Confederates-Freedman’s Bureau, Civil Rights - Veto billsAct 1866, African American citizenship, no discriminatory laws - Johnson impeached- - 14th amendment- states cant Congress mad at him, deny rights to citizens Impeach for removing - 15th amendment- all men right to cabinet member From office vote Senate Did not convict - Reconstruction Act- states must - Ulysses Grant pres accept 14 th,15 th amendment, give African- Americans right to vote for admission into Union

9. 1870- All states in Union African-Americans move to the cities, seek education, participate in politics African-Americans move to the cities, seek education, participate in politics Sharecroping- use a farmers land, pay w/ portion of crops Sharecroping- use a farmers land, pay w/ portion of crops Reconstruction ends- opposition in south (Ku Klux Klan), scandals in govt., Judicial support gone Reconstruction ends- opposition in south (Ku Klux Klan), scandals in govt., Judicial support gone