1. Sexually
Transmitted
Diseases
(STD’s)

2. What is a sexually transmitted disease (STD)?
It is an infection or disease passed from person to person through sexual contact
How many people have STDs?
The United States has the highest rates of STDs in the industrialized world.
In the United States alone, about 19 million new infections are estimated to occur each year.
Women suffer more frequent and more serious complications from STDs than men.

3. The STD Infections BACTERIA: Cure possible
Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Syphilis
VIRUSES: No Cure
HIV/AIDS, Herpes, HPV

4. How do you get an STD?
You can get and pass STDs through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
Trichomoniasis can also picked up from contact with damp or moist objects such as towels, wet clothing, or a toilet seat, if the genital area gets in contact with these damp objects.
Some STDs cause no symptoms.
But STDs can still be passed from person to person even if there are no symptoms.

5. What are the symptoms of STDs?
Women:
Unusual discharge from the vagina
Pain, burning or itching around the vagina
Pain in the pelvic area or abdomen, sometimes with fever or chills
Bleeding other than your usual period
Sores or blisters on the genitals or in the mouth

6. Men Discharge from the end of the penis Pain or burning when urinating
Swelling around the groin
Sores or blisters on the genitals or in the mouth
Flu-like symptoms such as fever chills, aches in the joints or muscles

7. Chlamydia
Very Common
Can spread in your body and cause sterility in males and females
Mothers can pass the germ to their babies at childbirth

8. Symptoms Most women have no symptoms. Women with symptoms may have:
abnormal vaginal discharge
burning when urinating
bleeding between menstrual periods
Men
Watery or milky drip from the penis
Itchy feeling inside the penis
A burning feeling when urinating
Pain or swelling of the testicles

9. Gonorrhea Symptoms are often mild, but most women have no symptoms.
Even when women have symptoms, they can sometimes be mistaken for a bladder or another vaginal infection.
Vaginal discharge (fluid/mucus)
Burning or pain with urinating ( male and female)
Lower abdominal pain
Testicular pain
Discharge from penis

10. Chlamydia & Gonorrhea in Females
Infection in cervix
Can go into uterus,
Tubes, ovaries (“PID”)
Painful Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Trouble getting pregnant later in life
Dangerous tubal pregnancy

11. Chlamydia & Gonorrhea in Males
Irritation to urinary tract
Infection of the tubes and testicles inside the body
• Trouble getting a woman pregnant later in life

12. Syphilis Symptoms in the first, or primary stage:
a single, painless sore appears, usually in the genital areas but may appear in the mouth
if infection is not treated, it moves to the next stage

13. Symptoms in the next, or secondary, stage are:
skin rash on the hands and feet that usually does not itch and clears on its own
fever
swollen lymph glands
sore throat
headaches
weight loss
muscle aches
tiredness

14. In the latent, or hidden, stage, the symptoms listed above disappear
but the symptoms from the second stage can come back.
In the late stage, infection remains in the body and can damage
the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.

15. Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a virus which causes warts, and may cause cancer of the cervix or Penis
Women with symptoms may have:
visible warts in the genital area, including the thighs.
Warts can be raised or flat, alone or in groups, small or large, and sometimes they are cauliflower-shaped
Burning, itching, pain and bleeding
lesions on the cervix and in the vagina

16. Men with symptoms may have:
Warts on the penis or around the anal region
Bleeding
Secretions
Decreased force of urination

18. Crabs (Pubic Lice)
Parasite’s that infest areas of the body where hair grows,
The most common areas affected are:
abdomen
anus
groin

19. Cycle An adult louse gets onto the skin and lays eggs
Eggs hatch 6-10 days later releasing baby lice, called nymphs
They attach their eggs, called nits, to the host's pubic hair
Within 15 days these grow into adults and multiply again
Nymphs and adult lice feed on human blood

20. Symptoms Feeling run down
Inflamed skin and small red or bluish irritations caused by 'crab' lice bites and defecation
Intense itchiness at the infected area, usually more intense at night (begins about 5 days after infestation)
Irritability
Mild fever

21. These parasites are transmitted by
intimate contact 
sexual contact
Contact with contaminated items, such as:
bedding
clothing
toilet seats
towels
upholstered furniture

23. SCABIES
is a contagious, itchy skin condition caused by very small, wingless insects or mites called the Human Itch mite or Scabies
The female insect burrows into the skin where she lays 1-3 eggs daily
If untreated, the female will continue to lay eggs for about 5 weeks. The eggs hatch and the new mites begin the cycle all over again.

24. Symptoms
A very small, hard to see, zigzag blister usually marks the trail of the insect as she lays her eggs.
Intense itching especially at night
A red rash can occur at the area that has been scratched.
Skin may become crusty or scaly as the infection progresses

25. scabies rash will show up
little red bumps like hives
Pimples
tiny bites

26. Genital Herpes Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex viruses
type 1 (HSV-1)
type 2 (HSV-2)
Most genital herpes is caused by HSV-2

27. Some people may have no symptoms.
During an “outbreak,” the symptoms are clear
small red bumps, blisters, or open sores on the penis, vagina, or on areas close by
vaginal discharge
fever
headache
muscle aches
pain when urinating
itching, burning, or swollen glands in genital area
pain in legs, buttocks, or genital area

28. How do people get Genital Herpes?
HSV-1 and HSV-2 can be found in and released from the sores that the viruses cause
but they also are released between outbreaks from skin that does not appear to have a sore.
Generally, a person can only get HSV-2 infection during sexual contact with someone who has a genital HSV-2 infection

29. There is no treatment that can cure herpes
antiviral medications can shorten and prevent outbreaks during the period of time the person takes the medication. 
In addition, daily suppressive therapy for symptomatic herpes can reduce transmission to partners.

30. The surest way to avoid transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, including genital herpes, is to abstain from sexual contact,
or to be in a long-term mutually monogamous relationship with a partner who has been tested and is known to be uninfected

31. Hepatitis Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver Hepatitis B Hepatitis C
Viral hepatitis: caused by virus
Hepatitis B
DNA virus
6wk - 4 month incubation period
Hepatitis C
RNA virus
3-12wk incubation period

32. Hepatitis B Transmission Symptoms Blood, saliva, semen, vaginal fluids
Contaminated needles, syringes etc.
Sexual intercourse
10% become carriers and may develop chronic liver disease
Symptoms
Vague abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting
Rash and jaundice
Higher mortality rate than Type A

33. Hepatitis B Prevention/Control Vaccines
High cost prohibits general use
Recommended for all newborns

34. Hepatitis C Only 25 – 30% have symptoms New infections Transmission
60% high-risk drug use
40% sexual behaviors
Transmission
Blood & bodily fluids
Mother to child at birth or through breast feeding
75% become carriers and many develop chronic liver disease

35. Hepatitis C Symptoms Prevention/Control
Often asymptomatic or slow in manifesting
Appearance after liver disease has progressed
Cirrhosis or cancer
Prevention/Control
No immunization available
Reduce exposure to the virus

36. What is HIV?
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS
This virus may be passed from one person to another
infected blood, semen, or vaginal secretions come in contact with an uninfected person’s broken skin or mucous membranes 36

37. HIV is most commonly transmitted through specific sexual behaviors
(anal, vaginal, or oral sex) or needle sharing with an infected person
An HIV-infected woman can pass the virus to her baby before or during childbirth or after birth through breastfeeding 37

38. What is AIDS? AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
means that the disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease causing agent
(in this case, HIV)
Immunodeficiency
means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system 38

39. Syndrome –
refers to a group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease.
In the case of AIDS this can include the development of certain infections and/or cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain cells in a person’s immune system 39

40. How does HIV cause AIDS?
HIV destroys a certain kind of blood cell (CD4+ T cells) which is crucial to the normal function of the human immune system.
most people infected with HIV carry the virus for years before enough damage is done to the immune system for AIDS to develop 40