1. Chapter 18 Section 1
Origins of the Cold War

2. Former Allies Crash
Problems building between the US and SU before and during WWII

3. Former Allies Crash Soviet Communism: State controlled all property
All economic activity
Totalitarian Communist Party allowed no opposition party

4. Former Allies Crash The United States: Capitalist system
Private citizens controlled almost all property and economic activity

5. Former Allies Crash
US furious at Stalin-Signed nonaggression pact with Hitler in 1939

6. Truman Becomes President
Key American figure in early part of the Cold War
Became President when FDR died
82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice

7. Truman Becomes President
FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters

8. Truman Becomes President
With the war ending Truman would have to
Make difficult military decisions

9. Potsdam Conference
Truman’s 1st meeting with other major world leaders-Potsdam, July 1945

10. Potsdam Conference
Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections in Poland, but they banned democratic parties

11. Potsdam Conference
Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused

12. Tension Mounts
Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman that American and Soviet goals were at odds

13. Tension Mounts
Americans and British opposed Soviet demands

14. Tension Mounts At odds over Eastern Europe
US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade

15. Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe

16. Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
Stalin propped up communist governments in Eastern European nations
The Satellite Nations-

17. Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe
Stalin seized the industry of these nations to rebuild the Soviet Union

18. United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
US institutes a policy of Containment towards the Soviet Union

19. United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
Containment Policy worked by:
Creating alliances
Supporting weaker nations

20. United States Establishes a Policy of Containment
March 1946 Churchill gives his “Iron Curtain” speech

21. Cold War in Europe
Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the Cold War

22. Cold War in Europe
During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union tried to spread their economic and political influence wherever they could
Eventually spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin America

23. The Truman Doctrine
US 1st tried to contain communism in Greece and Turkey

24. The Truman Doctrine US spent $400 million to help Greece and Turkey

25. Marshall Plan
After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos

26. Marshall Plan
harsh winter
Food shortages
Fuel shortages

27. Marshall Plan
June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US help

28. Marshall Plan
Congress debated plan for several months
Then…

29. Marshall Plan
Invasions showed the need for congress to move quickly and help create strong, stable governments in Europe

30. Marshall Plan The Plan was a success
By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing

31. Superpowers Struggle Over Germany
Europe starts to get back on its feet
Western allies and Soviets arguing over German reunification

32. Berlin Airlift 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation
Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage

33. Berlin Airlift Soviets cut off all access to Berlin
No supplies could get in

34. Berlin Airlift
Americans and British started the Berlin Airlift-fly food and supplies to West Berlin

35. Berlin Airlift
277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons of supplies
West Berlin survived

36. Berlin Airlift
May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at Bonn
East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic with its capital in East Berlin

37. NATO
Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression

38. NATO NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization
An attack on one regarded as an attack on all