1. England’s Transformation
17th Century

2. The Stuarts 1603 – Queen Elizabeth (Tudor) dies
James IV  James I (Stuart)
Absolutist
Divine –right

3. $ Issues (problems for the Stuart Kings)
Debt – (Elizabeth’s Wars)
Traditional methods of raising money for kings
Raising Taxes - problem – Parliament (nobility) claim right to approve it and want power over king in return
Selling Noble titles to rich merchants (undermines idea that nobility is special)
Selling their own Lands – problem – Monarchs have less and less through the years

4. New taxes = rise in nobles power (Magna Carta)
Ex: 1621 – Parliamen gains power to impeach government officials appointed by the king
*Always a cost!
Kings try to raise funds without going through Parliament

5. Parliament
Lords
Nobility
House of Commons
Gentry - Mostly Puritan

6. Charles I 1625 Forced rich merchants to give him loans
Billeting of soldiers (housing them in your home)
Martial law – putting towns that won’t cooperate and pay him under military law
** These methods were not lawful

7. 1628 – Petition of Right
Parliament agrees to raise taxes if Charles adheres to Magna Carta
No more billeting

8. Religious Issues Puritan vs. Anglican tension
William Laud (Archbishop) – tries to force all to be Anglican
Puritans (want to purify the church of “superstition” & “false ritual”)
Disapprove of Laud & Anglicans
American migrations (Pilgrims)

9. 1639 – War with Scotland Charles weak
Calls Parliament for funds toi fight the Scots

10. 1640 – The Long Parliament
Parliament wants to stick it to the king in his hour of need
Puritan majority will give Charles funds if he agrees to 19 Propositions including:
Only Parliament can raise army
Parliament superiorto the king
King Attempted to arrest leaders of Parliament

11. Civil War Cavaliers (kings army) vs. Roundheads (Parliaments Army)
Religion is a factor
Royal power (Absolutism??)– ultimate factor

12. New Model Army Oliver Cromwell leads parliaments troops
Disciplined army – advancement based on merit

13. Roundhead’s Successful
Charles I Captured
Charged with “illegal deaths and governing in a tyrannical way oppositional to the limitations on the kings power”
Beheaded 1/30/1649

14. The Commonwealth 1649-53 Cromwell is “Lord Protector”
Sets up a Military dictatorship

15. The Protectorate 1653-1659 Cromwell gets rid of Parliament completely
12 military districts
Puritan anti-Vice Laws
No theater
No Sports
No Dancing
No Gambling
No Swearing

16. The Restoration
Cromwell dies 1658 – son forced to resign by Lords returning to Parliament
Charles II (son of the late king) restored to throne

17. The Catholic Issue 1685 – death of Charles II
James II his Catholic brother succeeds him

18. James II Grants Catholics religious freedom
Arrests Archbishop of Canterbury
Has a Catholic son who will be his heir
Parliament wants his Protestant daughter Mary to claim the throne

19. The Glorious Revolution
William of Orange Netherlands Prince & wife Mary Stuart
Protestant
Dutch Army invades
British Army allow it
James Flees

20. English Bill of Rights Signed by William and Mary
king and queen will obey laws made by Parliament
No taxes w/out Parliament
Parliament controls army
Magna Carta reinforced
Monarch’s are not above the law