1. Unit 2: Culture
Unit Objective: To define the term culture, to clarify the difference between culture and society. To identify and explain the components of culture.

2. People constantly interchange Society and Culture…
Are they the same?

3. NO! Society: ~A group of interdependent people
Participate in a common culture
Sense of unity
Share material and non material products
Society consists of people.
Culture consists of the material and nonmaterial products that people create.

4. 5 Components of Culture:
What is Culture?
Consists of all the shared products of human groups. Culture can be shared and learned.
5 Components of Culture:
Technology
Symbols
Language
Values
Norms

5. Material and Nonmaterial Culture
Culture can also be broken down by the following groupings:
Material Culture: Is the physical objects that people create.
Examples would be cars, books, buildings, clothing.
Nonmaterial Culture: Abstract human creations such as beliefs, ideas, language, political and economic systems.

6. Technology A societies culture consists of not only physical objects
but also the rules for using those physical objects.
Sociologists often refer to these rules and tools as technology.
Using items of material culture especially tools requires skills.
For example driving a car requires skills, but there are rules that govern what is acceptable when driving a car.
Sociologists would not only be interested in how the skills are developed, they would also be interested in what is acceptable behavior when using material culture.

7. Symbols Symbols-is anything that represents something else
Used to communicate to group members
Words, gestures, images, sounds, physical objects, events, or elements in the natural world

8. Languages
An organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system
Primary form of communicating

9. Values
Shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable
The types of values held by a group help determine the character of its people and the kinds of material and nonmaterial culture they create.

10. Norms Folkways Mores Norms
All groups create norms, use folkways, mores and laws to keep cultural traditions alive.
These informal rules are created to enforce cultural values
Norms are shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in certain situations
Examples:
How do you want to be greeted?
What type of behavior do you want to see when you are out eating at a restaurant?
Norms
Folkways
Mores

11. Mores Mores have a greater moral significance attached to them
Violations of mores endanger a societies well-being and stability
Dishonesty
Fraud
Murder
Societies establish punishments for violating these mores  LAWS.

12. Folkways
Folkways are norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance
Holding the door for someone
Writing thank you notes
Replying to invitations
Nonconformity is ok, because it does not endanger well-being or stability of society

13. How do societies enforce norms?

14. Laws and Sanctions
Laws-written rules of conduct that are enacted and enforced by governments
Sanctions
Formal
Informal

15. Sanctions Rewards or punishments in terms with norms
Positive Sanctions-Reward behavior
Negative Sanctions-Punish behavior
Informal Sanctions-given by individuals or groups
Being praised in class for doing a good job (positive)
Grounded for breaking curfew (negative)
Formal Sanctions-are given by organizations or regulatory bodies such as government, police, school
Speed tickets (negative)
MVP of the Basketball team (positive)

16. Cultural Traits, Complexes, and Patterns
Cultures also create cultural traits, which is an individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need. ( A greeting, using a tool to eat, etc..)
Cultural Complexes are a cluster of interrelated traits.
Culture Patterns are formed when cultural complexes are combined.
For example sports, football, basketball, baseball, soccer, swimming all combine to form American sports patterns.

17. Cultural Variations
Cultural variations exist not only amongst societies but also within societies.
As Americans we share common culture with all other Americans.
But within our culture there are those that share values, behaviors, and norms that are not shared by the entire population  SUBCULTURE.
Most subcultures do not present a threat to society, think of ethnic neighborhoods and enclaves within American cities.
Sometimes however there are people that do reject the major values, norms and behaviors COUNTERCULTURE.

18. Cultural Universals
Despite the fact that cultures can be so different.
We all basically want the same thing.
These basic commonalities are called Cultural Universals.
In the 1940’s Anthropologist George Murdock created examined 100’s of different cultures in an attempt to determine what general traits are common to all cultures.
Murdock ended up creating a list of 65 cultural universals.
Examples include; cooking, music, medicine, myths, religion, sports, tool usage.

19. What’s Your Culture? Download Collage Pic Collage on IPAD
Create a Collage that represents the Components of your Culture
Symbols, Values, Language and Norms
Each category must be labeled and contain a brief explanation
All images must be school appropriate
You must have a minimum of 5 images per topic
Any inappropriate images will result in no credit
Be prepared to present them to the class
20 point quiz grade
All collages should be ed to