1. 1 Ch 8 The High Middle Ages 1050 to 1450 Royal Power Grows Use with 8-H CLOZE Notes Click on the spinning globe to “fly” to Europe via Google Earth

2. 2 Objectives 1.Learn how monarchs gained power over nobles and the Church 2.Describe how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English royal power 3.Analyze the traditions of government that developed under King John and later English monarchs 4.Explain how strong monarchs unified France

3. 3 Key terms A.centralize: move power to few hands: to remove political or administrative power from local or subordinate levels and concentrate it in a central authority B.nation-state: regions that share a government and that are independent of other states

4. 4 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages a.Angles, Saxons, Vikings invaded & settled in Europe b.Feudalism 1)Kings united country, but had limited power; nobles had the real power

5. 5 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages a.Angles, Saxons, Vikings invaded & settled in Europe b.Feudalism c. Church – Pope had authority over all Europeans, including monarchs

6. 6 Objective A: Learn how monarchs gained power over nobles and the Church

7. 7 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages 2.High Middle Ages (1000-1300) sees shift as monarchs centralize power a.Expand royal domain b.Set up royal justice systems that “undermine feudal and Church courts” (Ellis 244).

8. 8 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages 2.High Middle Ages (1000-3000) sees shift as monarch centralize power c.Organize government bureaucracies d.Develop tax systems

9. 9 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages 2.High Middle Ages (1000-3000) sees shift as monarch centralize power e.Build standing armies

10. 10 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 1.In Early Middle Ages 2.High Middle Ages (1000-3000) sees shift as monarch centralize power f.Strengthen ties with middle class who then supported their rulers who could impose peace and unity that were needed for successful trade

11. 11 Objective B Describe how William the Conqueror and Henry II strengthened English royal power William the Conqueror 1066-1087 Henry II 1154-89

12. 12 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1066 – William, Duke of Normandy (in France) becomes the Conqueror a.Anglo-Saxon king died without heir; Council of Elders chose bro-in-law, however, William, Duke of Normandy says he is the true heir—claimed to be related to and named by dead king. The Duke of Normandy in the Bayeux Tapestry Click here to visit the Bayeux Tapestryhere

13. 13 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1066 –William the Conqueror b.Backed by pope, raises army, crosses English Channel c.Won the day at Battle of Hastings d.Crowned King of England on Christmas Day

14. 14 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1066 – William the Conqueror e.Beginning -- French- speaking Normans dominated England’s Anglo-Saxons, eventually customs, languages & traditions blended (Ellis 245)

15. 15 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 2.1066 – William the Conqueror f.Expands his power 1)Typical feudal lord - a)granted fiefs to Church, Norman lords, or barons, but kept most for himself b) Monitored who built castles & where

16. 16 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 2.1066 – William the Conqueror f.Expands his power 1)Typical feudal lord - c)Vassals take oath of allegiance to him over anyone else

17. 17 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 2.1066 – William the Conqueror f.Expands his power 2)Ordered complete census a)every castle, field, pigpen b)Became known as the Domesday Book -- inevitable

18. 18 Domesday Book

19. 19 Domesday Book

20. 20 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 2.1066 – William the Conqueror f.Expands his power 2)Ordered complete census c)Used to create efficient tax system d) successor's built upon it to create royal exchequer, treasury -- taxes, fines, other dues

21. 21 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 2.1066 – William the Conqueror 3.1154 -- Henry II a.Royal justice system expanded customs into laws which traveling justices enforced 1)Foundation for English common law, or “legal system based on custom & court rulings

22. 22 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1154 -- Henry II a.Royal justice system expanded customs into laws which traveling justices enforced 2)Applied to everyone 3)People went there instead of courts of Church or nobles a)Charged fee --> exchequer (treasury)

23. 23 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1154 -- Henry II a.Royal justice system expanded customs into laws b. early jury system --group of men sworn to speak the truth 1)Should case go to court? --> grand jury 2)Evolved into 12 neighbors of accused person --> today’s jury of peers

24. 24 I. Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church A.English Kings Strengthen Their Power 3.1154 -- Henry II c.Conflict with Church over legal authority -- who try clergy 1)Thomas Beckett --> king’s friend --> Archbishop of Canterbury who opposes king --> victim of misspoken wish --> Saint

25. 25 Objective C Analyze the traditions of government that developed under King John and later English monarchs King John 1199-1216 King Edward I 1272-1307

26. 26 II. Evolving Traditions of Government A.English kings clash with nobles and the Church over taxes and royal authority (Ellis 246). 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: France, the Church, & England 1)1205 John lost lands in Anjou and Normandy to King Phillip II of France King John 1199-1216

27. 27 England under Henry II French land lost by King John

28. 28 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 2)1205 argued with Pope Innocent III over appointing Archbishop  excommunication (exclusion from Catholic Church as penalty for refusing obey Church law)

29. 29 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 2)1205 argued with Pope Innocent III over appointing Archbishop  excommunication  interdict (excommunication of an entire region, town or kingdom)

30. 30 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 2)1205 argued with Pope Innocent III over appointing Archbishop  excommunication  interdict  John lost: had to agreed England fief of papacy & pay annual fee to Rome

31. 31 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons unhappy with “taxes and other abuses of power” (Ellis 246). a)Magna Carta or Great Charter, which would set the course towards the Constitutional Monarchy England has today

32. 32 Magna Carta King John sign Magna Carta

33. 33 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons a) Magna Carta or Great Charter i. Nobles had certain rights  extended to all citizens

34. 34 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons a) Magna Carta or Great Charter ii. Monarch must obey the law

35. 35 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons a) Magna Carta or Great Charter iii. Recognized legal rights of towns- people & Church

36. 36 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons a) Magna Carta or Great Charter iv. basis for due process of law & right of habeas corpus

37. 37 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John a.Three enemies: 3)1215 – English barons a) Magna Carta or Great Charter v. King had to ask Great Council of lords and clergy to raise taxes

38. 38 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John 2.1272-1307 – King Edward I a.1200s – Great Council King Edward I 1272-1307

39. 39 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John 2.1272-1307 – King Edward I b.1295- needed money for war with France, said “What touches all, should be approved by all” (Ellis 247).

40. 40 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John 2.1272-1307 – King Edward I b.1295- needed money for war with France, said “What touches all, should be approved by all” (Ellis 247).  common people joining lords and clergy

41. 41 II. Evolving Traditions of Government 1.1199-1216 King John 2.1272-1307 – King Edward I 1)Great Council  Model Parliament  two houses: House of Lords & House of Commons 2)Power of the Purse or the right to approve taxes before the king can raise them

42. 42 Objective D Explain how strong monarchs unified France Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet 987-996 Philip II 1180-1223 Louis IX 1226-1270 Philip IV 1285-1314

43. 43 III. Successful Monarchs in France A.Did not rule over a united kingdom but a “patchwork of territories ruled by powerful nobles (Ellis 248). B.987,Hugh Capet, the count of Paris, was elected by nobles to become the king. Mistake because he and heirs slowly expanded royal power. Hugh Capet 987-996

44. 44 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years 1.Made kingship hereditary 2.Expanded lands by taking advantage of rivalry among the nobility 3.Won support of the Church

45. 45 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years 4.Built efficient bureaucracy a.Officials collected taxes, imposed royal laws b.Establishing order  increase in king’s prestige & backing of middle class (Ellis 248)

46. 46 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II a.k.a Philip Augustus 1.Instead of using nobles in government he put middle class in paid positions  loyalty 2.Granted charters making new towns 3.National tax Philip II 1180-1223

47. 47 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II 4.Quadrupled royal lands a.Trickery, diplomacy, war  get lands back from England

48. 48 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II 4.Quadrupled royal lands b.Albigensian crusade in southern France– joined Pope Innocent III against Christians

49. 49 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II 4.Quadrupled royal lands c.Before his death he became the most powerful ruler in Europe

50. 50 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a. St. Louis 1.Very Religious a.Persecuted heretics (those who held beliefs contrary to Church teachings. b.Persecuted Jews Louis IX 1226-1270

51. 51 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a. St. Louis 1.Very Religious c.Led two Crusades to recapture Jerusalem from Muslims d.Sainted 30 years after his death Louis IX 1226-1270

52. 52 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a St. Louis 2.Improved royal government (Ellis 249) a.Traveling officials checked on local administrators b.Expanded royal courts

53. 53 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a St. Louis 2.Improved royal government (Ellis 249) c.Outlawed private wars d.Ended serfdom in his private domain

54. 54 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a St. Louis 2.Improved royal government (Ellis 249) e.To ensure justice he heard cases himself f.His personal prestige created nationalism

55. 55 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX a.k.a St. Louis 2.Improved royal government (Ellis 249) g.At death, France beginning of efficient central monarchy

56. 56 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.Capetian Dynasty lasted 300 years D.1180-1223: Philip II E.1226-1270: Louis IX F.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII who said “God has set popes over kings and kingdoms” (Ellis 249). Philip IV 1285-1314

57. 57 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII 1)Pope said king couldn’t tax clergy; king said if they don’t pay they go to jail

58. 58 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII 2)Philip tried to arrest pope but he escaped & died shortly after

59. 59 III. Successful Monarchs in France C.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII 3)1305, Frenchman named pope; moved court to Avignon, France

60. 60

61. 61 Successful Monarchs in France C.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII 4)Became crisis when Rome elected another pope; each claimed to be true pope

62. 62

63. 63

64. 64 Successful Monarchs in France C.1285-1314: Philip IV 1.Extended royal power a.Collected new taxes from clergy  clash with Pope Boniface VIII 5)1302-to get people behind him, Philip set up Estates General – a representative body with three estates (classes) clergy, Nobles, & townspeople; never had power of purse; never checked royal power

65. 65 Works Cited "centralize." Dictionary. 2007. Encarta® World English Dictionary. 22 Apr 2008. Ellis, Elisabeth Gaynor, and Anthony Esler. World History. New York. Boston: Pearson Education, Inc, 2007.

66. 66 FYI A great site for info on English Monarchs http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/index.htm Primary sources on Medieval England http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1n.html#Norman%20England Interesting information http://homepages.udayton.edu/~schuerwc/lecture%20outline%203.htm