1. Today I need to Learn What are four motives for imperialism? Was imperialism a necessary evil for industrialized nations? Why was Western imperialism so successful?.

2. 1800-1914

3. A Western-Dominated World Definition: Imperialism —Control by a strong nation over a weaker nation

4. How did Industrialization lead to Imperialism Industrialization allowed European nations to gain wealth and power European nations needed more sources of raw materials for their factories, and markets for European goods European nations took control of lands in Africa and Asia Illustration: Cotton from India British Textile Factory Inexpensive machine- made textiles sent to Indian markets Britain colonizes India British Economic Superiority

5. A Western Dominated World European nations looked to Africa and Asia as sources of the raw materials and as markets for: –Cloth –Plows –Guns –Other industrial products

6. Causes of Imperialism Many westerners viewed European races as superior to all others. They saw imperial conquest as nature’s way of improving the human species (Social Darwinism). Many westerners felt concern for their “little brothers” overseas. Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread western civilization. Merchant ships and naval vessels needed bases around the world. Western leaders were motivated by nationalism. Manufacturers wanted access to natural resources. Manufacturers hoped for new markets for factory goods. Colonies offered a valuable outlet for Europe’s growing population. ECONOMIC COMPETITIONNATIONALISM MISSIONARY SPIRITRACISM/SOCIAL DARWINISM 1

7. Motive #1 Nationalism Some nations wanted to gain colonies to show their national strength. They feared if they did not gain colonies, they would become weak and lose the respect of other countries "The Rhodes Colossus." This British cartoon illustrates the dream of imperialist Cecil Rhodes to build a railroad from Cape Colony in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt, and thus assure British domination over a large part of Africa.

8. Motive #2 Economic Competition Imperialism (empire building) had to do with money. Europeans wanted colonies to provide raw materials and cheap labor. Europeans also wanted to sell their goods in their new imperial colonies

9. Motive #3 Racism/Social Darwinism Racism is the belief that one race is better than others. Many Europeans believed that whites were better than other races. They claimed that a sense of duty drove them to take control of many lands and people in Africa and Asia. This belief is based on the idea of Social Darwinism— using Darwin’s theory of evolution, “survival of the fittest” to explain human societies. The “white man’s burden” of carrying non-whites up to the summit of civilization. Civilization Ignorance Superstition Vice Brutality Barbarism Oppression

10. Motive #4 Missionary Spirit Many westerners felt a genuine concern for their “little brothers” in Africa and Asia. Missionaries, doctors, and colonial officials believed they had a duty to spread what they saw as the blessings of western civilization which included: –Medicine –Law –Christianity “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?” said American reporter Henry Stanley as he greeted the Scottish missionary David Livingstone at Lake Tanganyika in Africa.

11. Forms of Imperial Rule A sphere of influence is an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges. The United States claimed Latin America as its sphere of influence. In a protectorate, local rulers were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers. A protectorate cost less to run than a colony and usually did not require a large military presence. The French practiced direct rule, sending officials to administer their colonies. The British practiced on indirect rule, using local rulers to govern their colonies. SPHERES OF INFLUENCE PROTECTORATESCOLONIES The new imperialism took several forms. 1

13. African Resistance Algerians battled the French for years. The Zulus in southern Africa and the Asante in West Africa battled the British. East Africans fought wars against the Germans. In Ethiopia, King Menelik II prepared his country with modern weapons and well-trained army. When Italy invaded, Ethiopia was prepared. Ethiopia was the only nation, aside from Liberia, to preserve its independence. Europeans met armed resistance across the continent. 2

14. The “Scramble” for Africa In the late 1800’s European powers began colonizing Africa These nations wanted to avoid conflict over African lands. In 1884, the European nations met at the Berlin Conference to set up rules for colonizing Africa—no African nations were invited.

15. Imperialism in Africa to 1914 Which European countries have taken over the continent of Africa? 2

16. China and the New Imperialism For many centuries China had isolated itself from Europe. China allowed foreign trade only through on small area. Western nations looked to China for trade rights and new markets for goods. Britain bought so much Chinese tea (trade deficit) that it was eager to find something that the Chinese would want in large quantities.

17. China Resists Foreign Influence In the early 1800’s the British began shipping in opium (drugs) from its colony in India. The Chinese resisted and outlawed the drug. In 1839, the Opium War began. Britain quickly won, and China had to pay war costs extraterritorial rights- and open it’s ports to British trade. It also had to give Britain the important port of Hong Kong. British Steamship attacks Chinese naval ships

18. Japan Modernizes Since 1638, shoguns had closed Japan to visitors and trade. In 1853, United States warships sailed into Tokyo Bay, Commodore Perry carried a letter demanding that Japan open its ports. Japan could not fight the American navy, and signed a trade agreement. Soon afterward, the Japanese were ready to accept the western world and learn what they could. Arrival of Commodore Perry in Japan

19. Japanese Imperialism In 1894,Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War, gaining treaty ports in China and control over the island of Taiwan. In 1905, Japan defeated Russia in the Russo- Japanese War, gaining control of Korea as well as rights in parts of Manchuria. EFFECT A stunned world was forced to recognize the Japanese as one of the great world powers. As with western industrial powers, Japan’s economic needs (few natural resources) made its imperialist desires bigger. 1

20. The British Take Over India BRITISH RULE IN INDIA GOOD EFFECTS New roads and railroads Telegraph and postal system Irrigation systems improve farming New laws mean justice for all classes British schools offer education Customs that threaten rights are ended BAD EFFECTS Indian resources go to Britain British-made goods replace local goods Farms grow cash crops rather than food crops; Indians go hungry Top jobs go to the British Indians treated as inferiors Britain tries to replace Indian culture with western ways

21. Quiz Imperialism

22. Question #1 How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism. A.It made Europeans feel sorry for their “little brothers.” B.It created a need for land. C.It created a need for raw materials and markets. D.It made westerners feel obligated to improve the human species.

23. Question #2 Which of the following was used as a justification for imperialism? A.Genocide B.Social Darwinism C.Westernization D.Resistance to expansion

24. Question #3 Ethiopia was able to resist the Europeans because A.Its leader was educated in the West. B.It had modern weapons and a well- trained army. C.It formed an alliance with the Ottomans. D.It had a favorable balance of trade.

25. Question #4 Why did Christian missionaries go to Africa? A.To gather slaves B.To study African culture C.To win souls for Christianity D.To map out the course of rivers

26. Question #5 Europeans referred to Africans and Asians as “little brothers” because they thought that A.Most Africans and Asians were short B.Most Africans and Asians were young males C.Africans and Asians, like children need help and guidance D.Africans and Asians were sickly.

27. Question #6 To improve their balance of trade with China, the British sold the Chinese A.Porcelain B.Opium C.Tea D.silk

28. Question #7 What effect did the visit of Commodore Perry have on the Japanese? A.Japan closed its ports to all Western nations. B.Japan declared war on Russia C.Japan and the U.S. went to war D.Japan accepted the ways of the west by modernizing.