The Crusades

Setting Up the First Crusade  In 1095, Pope Urban II spoke out to the people of Clermont, France.  He stated that the Muslims held the Holy Land in their control and urged the people to immediately regain control of Jerusalem by going to war.  Two goals Urban had were liberating:  the eastern churches from grip of the Muslims  the Holy tomb in Jerusalem  Urban said that, if you join the crusade and die, your sins will be absolved.  In 1095, Pope Urban II spoke out to the people of Clermont, France.  He stated that the Muslims held the Holy Land in their control and urged the people to immediately regain control of Jerusalem by going to war.  Two goals Urban had were liberating:  the eastern churches from grip of the Muslims  the Holy tomb in Jerusalem  Urban said that, if you join the crusade and die, your sins will be absolved.

The First Crusade (1096 – 1099)  Who participated in the war?  Men, women, and children were involved. Many of which, non-combatants.  Somewhere between 60,000 to 100,000 Christian people  The journey to Jerusalem was very difficult. They experienced many illnesses and deaths, and they fought many battles.  Such as heat strokes and dehydration, from the lack of water. This resulted in the consumption of urine, blood, and dirty water which lead to death.  Who participated in the war?  Men, women, and children were involved. Many of which, non-combatants.  Somewhere between 60,000 to 100,000 Christian people  The journey to Jerusalem was very difficult. They experienced many illnesses and deaths, and they fought many battles.  Such as heat strokes and dehydration, from the lack of water. This resulted in the consumption of urine, blood, and dirty water which lead to death.

The First Crusade cont.  The Crusaders journeyed to Constantinople to meet other crusader groups. From there, they all traveled toward Jerusalem.  On their way they sieged and captured few Muslim Territories, as well as their target:  Nicaea (1097)  Antioch (1097 – 1098)  Jerusalem (1099)  The Crusaders journeyed to Constantinople to meet other crusader groups. From there, they all traveled toward Jerusalem.  On their way they sieged and captured few Muslim Territories, as well as their target:  Nicaea (1097)  Antioch (1097 – 1098)  Jerusalem (1099)

End of the First Crusade  Jerusalem was defended with high walls, but the Christian army managed to go over.  In the end, many corpses covered the floor and the Kingdom of Jerusalem came to be.  Who ran the newly founded kingdom?  Godfrey of Bouillon took power of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Not as king but as the protector of the Holy Land.  Crusader States were then created  Jerusalem was defended with high walls, but the Christian army managed to go over.  In the end, many corpses covered the floor and the Kingdom of Jerusalem came to be.  Who ran the newly founded kingdom?  Godfrey of Bouillon took power of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Not as king but as the protector of the Holy Land.  Crusader States were then created

Crusader States Created  The kingdom of Jerusalem  Protected by Godfrey of Bouillon, then after his death, passed down to his younger brother, Baldwin of Boulogne.  The Principality of Antioch  The county of Edessa  The county of Tripoli  The kingdom of Jerusalem  Protected by Godfrey of Bouillon, then after his death, passed down to his younger brother, Baldwin of Boulogne.  The Principality of Antioch  The county of Edessa  The county of Tripoli

The Second Crusade ( )  The fall of Edessa  Zangi, a Turkish dictator, planned to take Edessa in order to expand his source of authority.  He had the ruler, Joscelin II of Edessa sent away while Zangi and his army sieged the county.  Upon hearing the news of the capture of Edessa, Pope Eugenius III launched a second crusade.  Some of the biggest countries to participate in the Second Crusade were:  France, ruled by Louis VII  England  Germany, ruled by Conrad III  The fall of Edessa  Zangi, a Turkish dictator, planned to take Edessa in order to expand his source of authority.  He had the ruler, Joscelin II of Edessa sent away while Zangi and his army sieged the county.  Upon hearing the news of the capture of Edessa, Pope Eugenius III launched a second crusade.  Some of the biggest countries to participate in the Second Crusade were:  France, ruled by Louis VII  England  Germany, ruled by Conrad III

The Second Crusade cont.  To increase soldiers, Pope Eugenius III wrote the Quantum praedecessores. These were letters that stated, any one who joins in the crusade will obtain protection and their sins would be forgiven.  Later, Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, joined the crusade as a influential preacher.  Throughout the journey, few cities were captured. Such as:  Lisbon (1147)  Almeria (1147)  Tortosa (1148)  To increase soldiers, Pope Eugenius III wrote the Quantum praedecessores. These were letters that stated, any one who joins in the crusade will obtain protection and their sins would be forgiven.  Later, Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux, joined the crusade as a influential preacher.  Throughout the journey, few cities were captured. Such as:  Lisbon (1147)  Almeria (1147)  Tortosa (1148)

The End of the Second Crusade  The Attack on Damascus  The Christian troops camped outside of the city and for days, tried to break down the Muslim borders.  Soon the crusaders retreated for they were outnumbered and Damascus defenses were too strong.  This defeat was then the end of the second crusade.  The Attack on Damascus  The Christian troops camped outside of the city and for days, tried to break down the Muslim borders.  Soon the crusaders retreated for they were outnumbered and Damascus defenses were too strong.  This defeat was then the end of the second crusade.

Setting up the Third Crusade  In 1187, Saladin, a Muslim leader, invaded Tiberias.  After successfully acquiring Tiberias, Saladin and his men then marched toward Jerusalem, which was left undefended.  These events established the start of the Third Crusade.  In 1187, Saladin, a Muslim leader, invaded Tiberias.  After successfully acquiring Tiberias, Saladin and his men then marched toward Jerusalem, which was left undefended.  These events established the start of the Third Crusade.

The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)  In order to get Jerusalem back, a new crusade was launched.  Led by:  Frederick Barbarossa, emperor of Germany  Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, king of England  Philip II Augustus, king of France  The crusade successfully sieged Acre and worked their way down to Jaffa.  On their way to Jaffa, Saladin and his army attacked in what would be known as the Battle of Arsuf.  In order to get Jerusalem back, a new crusade was launched.  Led by:  Frederick Barbarossa, emperor of Germany  Richard I, known as Richard the Lionheart, king of England  Philip II Augustus, king of France  The crusade successfully sieged Acre and worked their way down to Jaffa.  On their way to Jaffa, Saladin and his army attacked in what would be known as the Battle of Arsuf.

The Third Crusade cont.  The Battle of Arsuf  An attempt of Saladin and his men from preventing Richard and his men from going into Jaffa.  While Saladin tried to attack, Richards group formation was too strong. Thus, leading to the retreat of Saladin and his men.  Once Jaffa was reached and restored, Richard attempted to move onto Jerusalem. He withdrew from the journey and in his absence, Saladin and his army attacked and took control of Jaffa.  A truce was exchanged between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.  The truce stated that Jersusalem would be in possession of the Muslims, however Christians were able to visit Jerusalem and Palestine.  This truce ended the Third Crusade.  The Battle of Arsuf  An attempt of Saladin and his men from preventing Richard and his men from going into Jaffa.  While Saladin tried to attack, Richards group formation was too strong. Thus, leading to the retreat of Saladin and his men.  Once Jaffa was reached and restored, Richard attempted to move onto Jerusalem. He withdrew from the journey and in his absence, Saladin and his army attacked and took control of Jaffa.  A truce was exchanged between Richard the Lionheart and Saladin.  The truce stated that Jersusalem would be in possession of the Muslims, however Christians were able to visit Jerusalem and Palestine.  This truce ended the Third Crusade.

The Battle of Arsuf

The Fourth Crusade (1201 – 1204)  Pope Innocent III launched the Fourth Crusade, intending to capture Jerusalem  Leading the Crusade  Count Thibaut III of Champagne  Count Louis of Blois  Count Baldwin of Flanders  Boniface of Montferrat  Very few troops participated  Starting out with only 13,000  Pope Innocent III launched the Fourth Crusade, intending to capture Jerusalem  Leading the Crusade  Count Thibaut III of Champagne  Count Louis of Blois  Count Baldwin of Flanders  Boniface of Montferrat  Very few troops participated  Starting out with only 13,000

The end of the Fourth Crusade  They terminated the city of Zara and journeyed to Byzantine Empire intending on capturing its great capital, Constantinople.  Upon their arrival, they attacked and captured Constantinople and labeled it Romania. They never moved on to capture Jersusalem.  Pope Innocent III was disappointed at how the Fourth Crusade ended. He then began preaching of the Fifth Crusade.  They terminated the city of Zara and journeyed to Byzantine Empire intending on capturing its great capital, Constantinople.  Upon their arrival, they attacked and captured Constantinople and labeled it Romania. They never moved on to capture Jersusalem.  Pope Innocent III was disappointed at how the Fourth Crusade ended. He then began preaching of the Fifth Crusade.

The Fifth – Eighth Crusades (1217 – 1291)  From the Fifth Crusade on  The reasons were diverted from crushing Muslims in Jerusalem.  The crusades fought those who were seen as a threat or an enemy of the Christian faith.  The failure of the crusades, helped to end them.  From the Fifth Crusade on  The reasons were diverted from crushing Muslims in Jerusalem.  The crusades fought those who were seen as a threat or an enemy of the Christian faith.  The failure of the crusades, helped to end them.

The End of the Crusades  The later Crusades made no progress  In the end, the Muslims captured Tripoli and Acre and the rest of the states.  This meant the end of the Crusader States  The end of the Crusades:  Help shaped the world  The later Crusades made no progress  In the end, the Muslims captured Tripoli and Acre and the rest of the states.  This meant the end of the Crusader States  The end of the Crusades:  Help shaped the world

Resources  Asbridge, T. (2010). The Crusades. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.  Riley-Smith, J. (2005). The Crusades: A History. Great Britain: Continuum.  Asbridge, T. (2010). The Crusades. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.  Riley-Smith, J. (2005). The Crusades: A History. Great Britain: Continuum.