BIOMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES  made by polymerization- large compounds built by joining smaller ones together.  Smaller units (subunits) are called monomers.  4 major molecules important to life.  Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.

BIO BUILDING BLOCKS

CARBOHYDRATES  1:2:1 RATIO  1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen  Example: the sugar glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6  Monomer – Monosaccharide  Polymer - Polysaccharide  Main source of energy for living things  Also has structural purpose for living things. 1. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose 2. Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrate Polymer Monomer (subunit)

LIPIDS  Made of Carbon and Hydrogen  NOT soluble in water (hydrophobic)  doesn’t mix with water  Used to store energy, as chemical messengers (hormones, steroids)  Part of the cell membrane (phospholipids).  Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds  Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.

LIPIDS

LIPIDS - triglyceride

Phospholipids – cell membrane component Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid. Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head” “Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains— hydrophobic

Lipid Cell walls

NUCLEIC ACIDS  Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon and Phosphorus.  Subunits (monomers) are called nucleotides.  Store and transmit hereditary information.  Ex. DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acids Monomer Polymer

NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose

NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides

PROTEINS  Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.  Monomers are called amino acids  Control rate of reactions  Function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.  Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

Proteins Monomers Polymers

PROTEINS –amino acids

Video Review over Biomolecules 