Chapter 18 Psychological Disorders Section Two: Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety A general state of dread or uneasiness that occurs in response to a vague or imagined danger. – Typically characterized by nervousness, inability to relax, and concerns about losing control. – Physical Signs and symptoms: trembling, sweating, rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, increased blood pressure, flushed face, and feelings of faintness or light-headedness.

Anxiety Can be a sign of a psychological disorder. Anxiety based disorders are among the most common of all psychological disorders in the U.S. Types: phobic, panic, generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress.

Phobic Disorder Persistent excessive or irrational fear of a particular object or situation. The fear must lead to avoidance behavior that interferes with the affected person’s normal life. – Example: someone with a fear of air travel (aviaphobia) might turn down a job promotion because the new job involves travel. Social Phobias: persistent fear of social situations in which one might be exposed to the close scrutiny of others and thus be observed doing something embarrassing or humiliating.

Guess the fear. Alektorophobia- – Fear of chickens. Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia- – Fear of the number 666. Samhainophobia: – Fear of Halloween. – Cartoons Cartoons

Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia Recurring and unexpected panic attacks*. – May last a few minutes to a few hours. – People may believe they are dying or going crazy. – There seems to be no apparent cause. *Panic Attack: a relatively short period of intense fear or discomfort, characterized by shortness of breath, dizziness, rapid heart rate, trembling or shaking, sweating, choking, nausea, or other distressing physical symptoms.

Stop here. Watch “Steve” discuss his Panic Disorder – DSM IV VHS series 1994

Agoraphobia Many people with Panic Disorder also have this fear of being in places or situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible. Likely to fear crowded places such as movie theaters, shopping malls, buses, etc. They both lead to avoidance behavior and can be very serious, like not leaving home. Paula Deen with Oprah (2:35) Paula Deen with Oprah

Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD) An excessive or unrealistic worry about life circumstances that lasts for at least 6 months. (finances, work, interpersonal problems, accidents, or illness) Hard to distinguish from other anxiety disorders. Many have other anxiety disorders as well, most often phobic disorders.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) The most serious of the anxiety disorders Obsessions-unwanted thoughts, ideas, or mental images that occur over and over again. – They are often senseless and repulsive. – Most people with obsessions try to ignore or suppress them. Compulsions-repetitive ritual behaviors, often involving checking and cleaning something. The compulsions may reduce the anxiety the obsessions produce.

Obsession or Compulsion? Fear of being contaminated by dirt, dust, germs, bacteria. – Answer: Obsession Feeling of having forgotten to do something important (turn off the faucet, lock the door, etc.) – Answer: Obsession Repeatedly checking whether you have done the thing in question (for instance, checking the door 100 times to see whether you have locked it) – Answer: Compulsion Tidying the house and arranging things in a certain order, saving things and being unable to throw any of them away – Answer: Compulsion

OCD continued…. People that experience obsessions are usually aware that the obsessions are unjustified. This distinguishes obsessions from delusions!! Obsessions can interfere with daily life. Howie Mandel on ABC News (9 min) Howie Mandel Howie Mandel On David Letterman (2:18) Howie Mandel Big Bang Theory..Sheldon's OCD (3 minutes) Big Bang Theory..Sheldon's OCD

Dr. PhilDr. Phil (40min) Inside the World of OCD 40 minute show (Original Air Date: 10/19/12) Jennifer says that for the past 20 years, she has been suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder, or OCD, and that it rules every aspect of her life. Watch as Jennifer demonstrates how everyday tasks -- like preparing food, cleaning furniture and just leaving the house -- have become exhausting rituals that take her up to 13 hours to complete. Jennifer reluctantly travels to Dr. Phil with the help of her best friend, Howard. “I don’t want to live with OCD, but I don’t know if I know how to live without it,” Jennifer confesses. Dr. Frank Lawlis, chairman of the Dr. Phil Advisory Board weighs in on Jennifer’s condition and offers treatment. Can she leave her comfort zone in order to get help? Then, Pam and Jack say their 25-year-old son, Michael’s, OCD is so severe that they’re afraid to leave him alone. They say Michael often goes into a trance -- the longest lasting 21 hours -- during which he screams, curses and punches himself repeatedly. Pam and Jack say they’ve tried multiple treatments and more than 10 different medications, but nothing has helped. Watch as Michael visits leading neuroradiologist Dr. Bradley Jabour, who performs a brain scan to see what’s going on inside Michael’s head. See the fascinating results, and hear Dr. Jabour’s plans for Michael -- and Jennifer. Plus, meet Bob, who says Dr. Jabour’s program saved his life. And, log on to DrPhil.com for more information about OCD warning signs and treatments.DrPhil.com

Stress Disorders Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder. – Differ in how quickly they occur after the traumatic event and how long they last. PTSD-Intense, persistent feelings of anxiety that are caused by an experience so traumatic that it would produce stress in almost anyone. – Rape, severe child abuse, assault, sever accident, airplane crash, natural disasters, war atrocities

PTSD continued Symptoms: – Flashbacks: mental experiences of the actual trauma – Nightmares-or otherwise unwelcomed thoughts about the trauma – Numbness of feelings – Avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma – Increased tension-which may lead to sleep disturbances, irritability, poor concentration, etc.

PTSD continued…. PTSD clip from PBS (2:27) PTSD clip from PBS PTSD PBS Clip Navy Man (2:39) PTSD PBS Clip Navy Man