1. Anxiety Disorders

2. Anxiety Disorders
Characterized by generalized apprehension, worry, and a variety of physical symptoms
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Phobias
Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

3. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 6.8 million, 3.1%
Women are twice as likely to be affected than men.
Very likely to be comorbid with other disorders.

4. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Experiencing a continuous, generalized feeling of anxiety (reaction to vague or imagined dangers) – 6 months or more
Anxiety in many different areas of life
Accompanied by physical symptoms…
muscle tension, trouble sleeping, irritability, lack of concentration, headaches, fatigue, inability to relax, twitching/trembling, etc.

5. Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) 15 million, 6.8%
It is equally common among men and women.

7. Specific Phobias 19 million, 8.7%
Women are twice as likely to be affected as men.

8. Phobias Specific Phobia Social Phobia Agoraphobia
Severe anxiety is focused on a specific object or situation
Examples:
Enclosed spaces
Snakes
Spiders
Heights
Flying
Social Phobia
Fear of embarrassing oneself in a social situation
Speaking, eating, using bathroom in public
Agoraphobia
“fear of the marketplace”
Associated with panic disorder

9. PHOBIAS Common and uncommon phobias 100 90 80 Percentage 70 of people
Afraid of it
Bothers slightly
Not at all afraid of it
Being
closed in,
in a
small
place
alone
In a house
at night
Percentage
of people
surveyed
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
Snakes
in high,
exposed
places
Mice
Flying
on an
airplane
Spiders
and
insects
Thunder
lightning
Dogs
Driving
a car
In a
crowd
Cats

10. PHOBIAS Treatment Exposure Treatment Flooding Counter-Conditioning
Systematic Desensitization (1) training the patient to physically relax (2) establishing an anxiety hierarchy of the stimuli (3) counter-conditioning relaxation responding to ea. feared stimulus
Biofeedback
Modeling

11. Panic Disorder 6 million, 2.7%
Women are twice as likely to be affected than men.
Very high comorbidity rate with major depression.

12. Frequent Panic Attacks or fear of them:
Panic Disorder
Frequent Panic Attacks or fear of them:
Sudden and unexplainable attacks of
intense fear
Come on with/without warning
Not associated with a stimulus
Individual fears that he/she is about to die
Physical symptoms…choking, tightness in chest, difficulty breathing, nausea, dizziness
Commonly occurs with Agoraphobia

13. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) 2.2 million, 1.0%
Equally common among men and women.
One-third of affected adults first experienced symptoms in childhood.
OCD costs the U.S. 6% of the total $148 billion mental health bill.

15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
OBSESSIONS
Intrusive and uncontrollable thoughts
Contamination, safety, etc.
COMPULSIONS
Ritualistic and purposeless actions
Cleaning, washing, checking, etc.
O and C are usually related… compulsions help to decrease the anxiety caused by the obsession
This pattern begins to interfere with functioning

16. OCD Common Obsessions and Compulsions Among
People With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Thought or Behavior
Percentage*
Reporting Symptom
Obsessions (repetitive thoughts)
Concern with dirt, germs, or toxins
Something terrible happening (fire, death, illness)
Symmetry order, or exactness
Excessive hand washing, bathing, tooth brushing,
or grooming
Compulsions (repetitive behaviors)
Repeating rituals (in/out of a door,
up/down from a chair)
Checking doors, locks, appliances,
car brake, homework

17. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 7.7 million, 3.5%
Women are more likely to be affected than men.
Rape is the most likely trigger of PTSD, 65% of men and 45.9% of women who are raped will develop the disorder.
Childhood sexual abuse is a strong predictor of lifetime likelihood for developing PTSD.

18. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Common among veterans of combat, survivors of accidents and disasters, victims of crimes, etc.
Feel long-lasting after-effects of trauma
Flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, mood symptoms, stimulus generalization
Symptoms last more than 1 month… up to years later