The French and Indian War Another Step in the Duel for North America

THESIS: The French and Indian War was the major turning point in American colonial relations with the mother country Britain. The French and Indian War was the major turning point in American colonial relations with the mother country Britain.

Background: King William’s War British fought the French and Indian Allies British fought the French and Indian Allies Indian raids against Deerfield and Schenectady Indian raids against Deerfield and Schenectady British gained Port Royal but returned it in peace negotiations British gained Port Royal but returned it in peace negotiations British failed to conquer Quebec British failed to conquer Quebec King William III of England

Background: Queen Anne’s War British fought against France, Spain and Native Americans British fought against France, Spain and Native Americans English failed to take Montreal and Quebec English failed to take Montreal and Quebec Peace of Utrecht: England gained Acadia, Newfoundland, and trade rights in Spanish America Peace of Utrecht: England gained Acadia, Newfoundland, and trade rights in Spanish America Queen Anne of England

Background: King George’s War English versus the French and Spanish English versus the French and Spanish New Englanders under Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New France and captured Louisbourg- an important seaway fort New Englanders under Mass. governor William Shirely invaded New France and captured Louisbourg- an important seaway fort Louisbourg was given back to France in the 1748 Treaty Louisbourg was given back to France in the 1748 Treaty King George II of England

The Iroquois: Pawns in the Game of Empire They held the strategic position between New France and the British colonies They held the strategic position between New France and the British colonies British tended to be more arrogant toward natives and French constructed military alliances with Indians to hold off British expansion British tended to be more arrogant toward natives and French constructed military alliances with Indians to hold off British expansion British goods were better, cheaper and more available due to British naval control British goods were better, cheaper and more available due to British naval control

Primary Source Activity #1 We will be reading excerpts from two speeches by Canassatego, who was the chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois nation We will be reading excerpts from two speeches by Canassatego, who was the chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois nation We will read through paragraph by paragraph and you will fill in the key points We will read through paragraph by paragraph and you will fill in the key points After that, you will work with a partner to complete the close reading graphic organizer (on the back) After that, you will work with a partner to complete the close reading graphic organizer (on the back)

The War Begins: Fort Duquesne Fort Duquesne was built to stem British expansion into the Ohio River Valley Fort Duquesne was built to stem British expansion into the Ohio River Valley Virginia governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Washington to evict the French Virginia governor Robert Dinwiddie sent Washington to evict the French Washington attacked an advance patrol, reinforcements and natives counterattack and defeat him at Fort Necessity Washington attacked an advance patrol, reinforcements and natives counterattack and defeat him at Fort Necessity Model of Fort Duquesne

Albany Plan of Union 1754

Primary Source Activity #2 Plan of Albany primary source analysis Plan of Albany primary source analysis

General Braddock British sent large numbers of troops to the colonies, displaced the Acadians from Nova Scotia British sent large numbers of troops to the colonies, displaced the Acadians from Nova Scotia With 2200 men, Braddock set out to avenge Washington’s defeat With 2200 men, Braddock set out to avenge Washington’s defeat General Braddock

Braddock Defeated Braddock was ambushed by Native Americans and French, suffering 1000 casualties Braddock was ambushed by Native Americans and French, suffering 1000 casualties Washington directed the retreat and revived his military career Washington directed the retreat and revived his military career

Impact of Braddock’s defeat Native American on the frontier were emboldened Native American on the frontier were emboldened French and Natives go on the offensive but French general Montcalm began alienating the Indians French and Natives go on the offensive but French general Montcalm began alienating the Indians French eventually “write off” Canada after poor harvests and numerical inferiority French eventually “write off” Canada after poor harvests and numerical inferiority French eventually destroy Duquense and flee, the British rebuild it as Fort Pitt 1758 French eventually destroy Duquense and flee, the British rebuild it as Fort Pitt 1758

Primary Source Activity 3: The War We will read through the first page together and you will fill in the key idea. We will read through the first page together and you will fill in the key idea. Then with a partner, you will read the rest and fill in the key ideas, and also the closer reading graphic organizer with a partner Then with a partner, you will read the rest and fill in the key ideas, and also the closer reading graphic organizer with a partner

The End of the War In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal 1760 In a three pronged attack, the British attack and defeat Montreal : Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the British, they too are defeated 1762: Spain joins the war, hoping to limit the gains of the British, they too are defeated 1763: Treaty of Paris 1763: Treaty of Paris France gave Louisiana to Spain France gave Louisiana to Spain Spain gave Florida to British Spain gave Florida to British West Indies colonies were returned to original colonizers West Indies colonies were returned to original colonizers

Primary Source Activity #4 You will read a statement made by Chief Minavavana who was an ally of the French You will read a statement made by Chief Minavavana who was an ally of the French This time, you will complete all the activities on your own! This time, you will complete all the activities on your own!

Homework Read page 88, section “The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart” and take notes Read page 88, section “The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart” and take notes Read chapter 4 section 1 and take notes Read chapter 4 section 1 and take notes If you have not completed the salutary neglect graphic organizer it is also homework If you have not completed the salutary neglect graphic organizer it is also homework