Reproduction & Heredity

Stages of Reproduction Fertilization~ Joining of an egg and a sperm in the fallopian tube ***VIDEO*** Click on picture How Pregnancy Happens

Embryo: A fertilized egg in the first 2 months Fetus: From the 3rd month on the embryo is called a fetus.

Stages of Birth: Labor – mild contractions pushes the baby against the cervix 2. Birth – Baby pushes through the cervix and into the birth canal. 3. After birth – After the baby is delivered, the placenta separates and is delivered.

Identical Twins: Twins developed from the same fertilized egg that splits.

Fraternal Twins: Twins that develop at same time but from separate fertilized eggs.

A natural birth of a baby.. Vaginal Birth: A natural birth of a baby.. ***video*** Click on image!

Breech Birth: Feet or butt of a baby enters the birth canal first.

Cesarean Section (C section)~ An incision is made in the abdomen and uterus in order to deliver the baby.

Anemia~ Low number of healthy red blood cells, insufficient iron. The baby takes iron to make red blood cells.

Toxemia~ The body retains toxic waste, can lead to weight gain and swollen feet. If left untreated can lead to convulsions and coma.

Gestational Diabetes~ Occasionally a pregnant woman may temporarily develop diabetes, usually near the end of her pregnancy, can cause the baby to be big.

Miscarriage~ Muscles in the uterus contract and force a nonliving embryo from the body, usually within the first 3 months. Still Birth~ Occurs when a mother delivers a non living fetus after full term.

Incubator~ keeps a premature baby in a sterile environment and at a warm temperature until fully developed. Premature Birth~ babies born before they are fully developed.

Birth Defects~ Physical or mental disabilities that are present at birth. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders~ birth defects caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. This disability is 100% preventable!

Heredity: Chromosomes~ tiny threadlike structures that carry hereditary information from generation to generation. Every cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 from mother and 23 from father.

X Chromosomes = Female (XX) Y Chromosomes = Male (XY)

Genes~ Chromosomes are divided into smaller units which contain instructions to help determine a certain characteristic of an individual. DNA ~ makes up the genes

Dominant Genes~ Person will show the trait coded for by the gene even if only one gene is present. Recessive Genes~ Occurs only if a Dominant gene is not present. (ex…rolling your tongue)

Prenatal Diagnosis: Amniocentesis~ test used by taking amniotic fluid from the mother. Ultrasound~ Sound waves used to produce images of the fetus.

What would be the Reason for prenatal testing?