1. Pregnancy and Childbirth Human Sexuality Workbook Ch. 5 Pg.63
______________: the union of a single sperm and an ovum (egg).

2. Zygote: _________________________
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Zygote: _________________________
_______________: a ball of cells with a cavity in the center
Embryo: an implanted blastocyst from the time of implantation until about the eigth week of development.

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_________________: a fluid-filled sac that surrounds the embryo.

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Placenta: a structure that forms along the lining of the uterus as the embryo implants.
___________________: ropelike structure that connects the embryo and the mother’s placenta.

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Fetus: ____________________________

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Genes: units of heredity that determine which traits, or characteristics off spring inherit from their parents.
Examples -
Genetic Counseling: process in which genetic histories of prospective parents are studied to determine the presence of certain hereditary diseases.

7. Lesson 2-Prenatal Care Pg. 69
_______________________________________
Prenatal care is for both the mother and the developing fetus.
_____________: doctor who specializes in the care of pregnant mothers and their fetus.
A normal or full term pregnancy lasts 9 full months or 40 weeks.

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A pregnancy is broken down into 3 trimesters or periods of 3 months and each is characterized by different physical changes and symptoms.
Dangers to the Fetus
Tobacco:
babies born to females who smoke can have lower birth weight, heart and brain abnormalities and cleft lips and palates.

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Alcohol
Women who drink alcohol during pregnancy may develop fetal alcohol syndrome.
_____________________: a condition of physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalities that can result when a pregnant female drinks alcohol.
Medications and Drugs
All medications and supplements must be approved for use during pregnancy.

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Caffeine:
Many women choose to avoid caffeine during pregnancy.
Rubella:
Virus, which if a woman is exposed to during pregnancy can lead to birth defects.
Other Dangers:
_________________________________

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__________: a test that produces an image on a screen by reflecting sound waves off the body’s outer structures.
____________: procedure that reveals chromosomal abnormalities and certain metabolic disorders in the fetus.

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_____________: an abnormality in the structure or function of the body that is present at birth.
Birth defects can be caused by abnormal genes or environmental factors.
Environmental factors=things in the mothers environment (Ex: polluted air)or things the mother does while pregnant. (Ex: drinking, smoking, poor nutrition)

13. Chapter 5 Lesson 3 Childbirth Text Page 77
_______: process by which contractions gradually push the baby out of the uterus and into the vagina to be born.
3 Stages of Labor
First Stage of Labor:
-Contractions gradually open the cervix to a diameter of about 4 inches. This process is called dilation.
-Rupture of the amniotic sac. (Water breaking)
-1st stage may last for 12 hours or longer.

14. Page 14 Second Stage of Labor: -Cervix is fully dilated.
-Mother pushes the baby’s heat through the cervix and into the vagina.
-Mother continues to push until the baby is delivered.
-This stage generally lasts from ½ hour to 2 hours.
Episiotomy: an incision made from the vagina toward the anus to enlarge the opening for delivery of the baby.

15. Page 15 Third Stage of Labor:
-Final stage of labor lasts about 20 minutes.
-Contractions separate the placenta or afterbirth from the uterine wall and expel the placenta from the uterus and out of the body through the vagina.
__________: detached placenta
______________: a method of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through the abdominal wall and the uterus. The baby is lifted out through the surgical incision.,