The Thirty Years War (1618-1648).

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Presentation transcript:

The Thirty Years War (1618-1648)

The Peace of Augsburg (1555) It officially ended the religious struggle between the Protestants and Catholics within Germany. German princes could select either Lutheranism or Catholicism within the domains. Subjects, citizens, or residents were free to migrate to different regions in which their desired religion had been accepted.

Tensions Rise in Germany Catholics Jesuits took militant approaches to converting Protestant Princes. Protestants Acquired bishoprics, upsetting Catholics Calvinism Never were dealt with in the Treaty Converted many Princes to Calvinism

Sides are Taken 1608, Lutheran Princes formed the Protestant Union. 1609, Catholics created the Catholic League. Both sides were interested in Religious expansion while stopping the other. In addition, Austria and Spain (both Hapsburgs) sought to unite the empire and return all to Catholicism.

1. The Bohemian Phase Ferdinand II, King of Bohemia, closes Protestant churches in Prague. Ferdinand II defeats Frederick and the P.U. at the Battle of White Mountain. Within 10 years, Bohemia was totally converted to Catholicism.

2. Danish Phase Catholics led by Albert of Wallenstein was victorious in Silesia, Schleswig, the Baltic and Pomerania. In 1629, Jesuits push for the issuing of the Edict of Restitution: All lost properties were to be restored to the Catholics. Only Catholics and Protestants could practice their faith.

3. Swedish Phase Sweden enters under King Gustavus Adolphus (Protestant) Scores a number of victories for the Protestant cause. Funded by the French (Why?)

4. International Phase 1635, in order to keep France strong, Cardinal Richelieu, along with Sweden, Dutch, Scots, Finns and Germans declare war on Spain. Germany was burnt, looted, and utterly destroyed.

German population decreased by upwards of 30% Famine, Typhus and the Plague contributed to the death total. Worst disaster in German / European history before the 20th Century.

The Peace of Westphalia Read Part B on pages 92 and 93 of the Worksheets. Complete the questions.

The Peace of Westphalia Signed in 1648; ended the 30 years war. A weak Germany continued under a federation of states that shared power with the emperor. (France, Sweden win power and land) Stopped the papacy from participating in German religion. Calvinism included in 1555 Treaty of Augsburg.

Germany Afterwards Economic crisis hits. Farm workers, with out capital to restore their lands, were bought out by wealth nobles. Many laborers returned to a new system of serfdom.