1. + The Thirty Years War Religious Wars’ Grand Finale 2.8

2. + Failure of Augsburg Terms of the agreement? Calvinism NOT an option The truce lasted for 60 years but then there were too many religious differences to keep peace Catholics, Jesuits, Lutherans, Calvinists, etc.

3. + Before the war… Ferdinand II becomes HRE and has goals Bring Hapsburg lands back to Catholic Church Persecute Protestants…mostly by raising their taxes He rules from Bohemia, and he triggers Bohemian Phase

4. The war begins with the Defenestration of Prague (1618)

5. + Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) Catholics rule, Protestants drool Ferdinand II invites Spanish troops to help defeat the Protestants in Bohemia Protestantism is eliminated in Bohemia

6. The Danish Phase (1625-1629) Persecution of Protestants continues Albrecht of Wallenstein’s mercenary army Denmark comes in to support the poor Protestants Height of Catholic power during the war

8. + The Swedish Phase (1630-1635) Catholics retaking Germany and pushing toward unification Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden takes up Protestant cause Who asked him I wonder… Adolphus leads the Protestants to victories over Catholics

9. + Swedish Sorrows and Catholic Collapse? Adolphus is killed in the fighting but inspires Protestant revival Wallenstein threatens to switch sides and is assassinated

10. French Phase (1635-1648) France officially joins the Protestant cause to slow down the Catholics France led by Cardinal Richelieu France  politics over religion Germany littered with troops from France, Spain, Sweden, Denmark, China, Mars…you get the picture Wars drags on for 13 more years

11. + The Peace of Westphalia (1648) This becomes a huge peace conference The church (pope) is not involved, nor does the pope sign the treaties

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13. + RESULTS OF THE TREATY Renewal of the Peace of Augsburg…BUT Calvinism is now a legal religion as well Continues to keep Germany divided Holy Roman Empire dissolved 300+ states given more government rights…Pope with no role France, Sweden, and Prussia gain territory Austrian Hapsburgs are weakened significantly Will never be as powerful again

14. + RESULTS OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR

15. + Between 3-7 million died in the Thirty Years War

16. + Germany was physically devastated by the war

17. + End of the wars of religion

18. England, the Netherlands, and France will take the lead in European trade, culture and politics