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Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Based on this map of the HRE on the eve of the 30 Years’ War, what caused the war?

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Presentation on theme: "Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648). Based on this map of the HRE on the eve of the 30 Years’ War, what caused the war?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)

2 Based on this map of the HRE on the eve of the 30 Years’ War, what caused the war?

3 Causes Violations of Peace of Augsburg (1555) freak out Catholics and Protestants alike: – Lutheran acquisition of Catholic bishoprics – Spread of Calvinism – Jesuit reconversion of Lutheran princes

4 The Sides Protestant Union (1608) Catholic League (1609)

5 The Goal Maintain land and influence … don’t let either side advance religiously or territorially Religious + political motives

6 4 Phases 1.Bohemian (1618-1625) 2.Danish (1625-1629) 3.Swedish (1630-1635) 4.French / international (1635-1648)

7 It all began with my favorite historical event …

8 Phase 1: Bohemia Civil war in Bohemia: – Protestant Bohemians vs. Catholic Habsburgs – Catholic victory  Protestantism eliminated in Bohemia

9 Phase 2: Danish more Catholic victories Albert of Wallenstein – leader of Catholic forces, but more interested in his own gain Edict of Restitution (1629) – reaffirmed Augsburg; gave Catholics properties lost to Protestants

10 Phase 3: Swedish Protestant victories under Gustavus Adolphus

11 Phase 4: French/International French (Catholic) aid Protestant forces in HRE and declare war on Spain to weaken Habsburgs Int’l: German Protestants, Dutch, Swedes, Scots, Finns, France on Protestant side

12 Peace of Westphalia (1648) ***turning point: end of religious wars*** 1.recognized sovereignty of ≈300 German princes 2.affirmed independence of United Provinces 3.French land gain (Alsace) + weakened HRE 4.Swedish $$$ & land gain (German territories in Baltic) 5.ended papal participation in central Euro. religious affairs 6.affirmed Augsburg, + added Calvinism

13 Based on the next 2 maps, what can you conclude about the impact of the 30 Years’ War?

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16 More Consequences destroyed agriculture & commerce deaths: est. 1/3 urban + 2/5 rural ppl nobles gained


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