STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL CHAPTER 4. CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION- CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY (33 words) 1. Cell2. Cell theory3. plasma membrane 4.

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Presentation transcript:

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CELL CHAPTER 4

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION- CHAPTER 4 VOCABULARY (33 words) 1. Cell2. Cell theory3. plasma membrane 4. Cytoplasm5. cytosol6. nucleus 7. Prokaryote8. eukaryote9. organelle 10. Tissue11. organ12. organ system 13. Phospholipid bilayer14. chromosome15. nuclear envelope 16. Nucleolus17. ribosome18. mitochondrion 19. Endoplasmic reticulum20. Golgi apparatus21. lysosomes 22. Cytoskeleton23. microtubule24. microfilament 25. Cilium26. flagellum27. centriole 28. Cell wall29. plastid30. central vacuole 31. chlorophyll32. chloroplast33. thylakoids

Cell

The Cell Theory All living things are composed of one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism. Cells come only from the reproduction of existing cells.

The surface area/volume ratio … … decreases as the size of the cell increases. This limits the size a cell can grow. Nutrients cannot effectively get to all areas of the cell if the surface area is too small compared to the volume of the cell. Cell Diversity Eukaryotic cells: have a membrane bound nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Prokaryotic cells: do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic Cell Structures Cell membrane: a phospholipid bilayer Peripheral proteins are found on each surface of the cell membrane. Integral proteins are embedded in the cell membrane. Lipids and proteins can move laterally within the cell membrane.

Organelles “little organs” Mitochondria: produces ATP (energy)

Ribsomes: synthesizes proteins Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranes that channel molecules through a cell.

Golgi Apparatus: packages cellular products.

Lysosomes: breaks down and destroys molecules

Microfilaments and microtubules: comprises the cellular framework and helps the cell to divide when it reproduces.

Cilia (hairs) and flagella (tails): cause cellular movement.

Nucleus: contains DNA and makes RNA. Nucleolus: make ribosomes

Cell wall: supports and protects cells.

Vacuoles: stores enzymes and waste products.

Plastid: Makes and stores food and cell pigments. (example: Chloroplast)

Multicellular organization Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Evolution of multicellular organization 1. Prokaryotic cells are found first in the fossil records 2. Eukaryotic cells appear later in the fossil record. 3. Colonial organisms 4. Multicellular organisms