1. CELL ORGANELLES & FEATURES
Chapter 7, Section 3

2. Think, Pair, Share
Name at least 3 organs in your body and body and how they help you survive (Fill in #’s 1,2,3 on your sheet).
How are organelles in a cell like organs in your body?

3. PLASMA MEMBRANE (p.175) Membrane Lipids Membrane Proteins
Cholesterol (lipid) in animals prevent membrane freezing in low temps

4. Phospholipid Bilayer = designed so that the fatty acid tails (the part that doesn’t like water) are in the middle and the phosphate group heads (the part that likes water) face the inside & outside of the cell

5. 1. Integral Proteins = proteins embedded in membrane
Membrane Proteins
1. Integral Proteins = proteins embedded in membrane
Surface markers
Receptors for chemical signals
Transport Proteins = move substances & waste materials through the plasma membrane
2. Peripheral Proteins = lie on one side of membrane, not embedded

7. Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid Bilayer behaves more as a fluid rather than a solid
Proteins & Lipids can move laterally
Constantly changing “mosaic” pattern
Membrane is selectively permeable, letting only certain materials in & out

8. Think, Pair, Share
3. What is in the nucleus of the cell and why is it so important?

9. NUCLEUS & CELL CONTROL (P.180)
Nucleus = houses and protects cell’s genetic info/blueprints, DNA
Chromatin = period of non-division DNA in a threadlike form
Chromosomes = during division DNA condenses

10. Nuclear Envelope = 2 lipid bilayer membranes surround nucleus
covered with nuclear pores (allows RNA in and out)
Nucleolus = concentrated DNA, area within nucleus, where ribosomes are made
Ribosomes = site of protein production
Cytoplasm = fluid cytosol and organelles

12. Assembly, Transport , & Storage (p.181)
Organelles are suspended within the cell’s cytosol

13. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
Site of cellular chemical reactions
Series of folded membranes, folding allows it to better fit in a small space
2 types, rough & smooth

14. 1. Rough ER 2. Smooth ER Covered with Ribosomes
Produces proteins & phospholipids (makes digestive enzymes)
2. Smooth ER
Lacks ribosomes
Builds lipids (cholesterol, estrogen, testosterone)

16. GOLGI APPARATUS System of flattened, membrane sacs Modifies proteins
Packages proteins in vesicles to be sent to other locations in the cell
Vesicles get modified as they travel through Golgi apparatus

18. VACUOLES Vacuole = compartments for storage (food, enzymes, etc.)
Vacuoles are mainly found in plant cells

19. LYSOSOMES Lysosome = organelles containing digestive enzymes
Digest worn out organelles, food, viruses & bacteria

20. Energy Transformers (p.184)

21. CHLOROPLASTS Found in plants A type of plastid
Chlorophyll = green pigment in chloroplasts, traps light energy to be converted into chemical energy

22. MITOCHONDRIA
Organelles that transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP
ATP = adenosine triphosphate, stores energy in structure

23. Highly active cells (muscle cells) have more mitochondria
Has 2 membranes
Outer Membrane = separates mitochondria from cytosol
Inner Membrane = shaped into folds to fit in a small space, where chemical reactions to produce energy occur

25. Think, Pair, Share 4. Compare mitochondria and chloroplast.
5. Contrast mitochondria and chloroplast.
6. Which cells contain mitochondria?
7. Which cells have chloroplasts?

26. Organelles for Support & Locomotion (p.185)

27. CYTOSKELETON Network of tubes & filaments crisscrossing cytosol
Gives shape to cell
Acts as “highway system” to move materials throughout the cell
Microtubules = thin, hollow cylinders made of protein
Microfilaments = smaller, solid protein fibers

29. Cilia & Flagella = hairlike structures, extend from cell body, movement
Centrioles = 2 short cylinders of microtubules, found in animal cells, organize microtubules during cell division