1. The functions of the cell organelles

2. Cytoplasm Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell. Described by Felix Dujardin

3. Cytoskeleton Provides internal support Supports organelles and maintains the shape of the cell Made up of microtubules and microfilaments

4. Nucleus Controls activities of cells, cell reproduction & heredity Nuclear Membrane Nucleolus Controls transport of materials into and out of the nucleus Synthesis and storage of RNA PORES Chromosomes/Chromatin Genetic information

5. Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis Composed of 2 subunits. Prokaryotes = 70s ribosomes Eukaryotes = 80s ribosomes Ribosomes are located - on the endoplasmic reticulum - on the surface of the nuclear envelope - free floating in the cytoplasm. 2 parts of ribosome

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum “ Internal Transport System ” Transports substances throughout the cell Rough ER is site of protein synthesis Smooth ER is the site of lipid and steroid synthesis and detoxifies substances.

7. Golgi Apparatus “The Packaging Plant” Temporarily stores, packages, and transports materials Packages digestive enzymes to make lysosomes. Lysosomes digest food particles and foreign substances.

8. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus Lysosomes Nucleus The Endomembrane System Vacuoles/ vesicles Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum Plasma Membrane

9. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of the cell Site of cellular respiration

10. Vacuoles/Vesicles Reservoirs for water and dissolved substances. Stores food or waste. Contractual vacuole for single celled animals Plant cell vacuole

11. Cell Wall Provides external support and protection Prevents bacterial invasion Made up of cellulose In PLANTS Only

12. Plastids In PLANTS Only Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll which captures light energy for photosynthesis Chromoplast: stores accessory pigments for photosynthesis Amyloplast/Leucoplast: stores excess glucose from photosynthesis as amylose/starch

13. In ANIMALS Only Centrioles Found in the cytoplasm Produce spindle fibers that are used to separate chromosomes during cell division.