1. Biology Chapter 4 CELLS

2. Introduction to cell  Cell Theory 1. All living things are made of cells 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function 3. Cells only come from other living cells

3. Cell Scientists 1. Hooke  first to call them cells 2. Leeuwenhoek  first to see living cells 3. Schleiden  1st to say all plants have cells 4. Schwann  1st all animals have cells 5. Virchow  all cells come from other cells

4. CELL SIZE  limited to the ratio between outer surface area and the volume  larger the ratio the better  if a cell gets too big it cannot get nutrients in or wastes out fast enough  microwave baked potato

5. Cell Diversity  Cell Shape  shape is determined by its function  Organization  all have membranes  All have genetic information

6. Cell Types 1. Prokaryotes  no nucleus  no membrane bound organelles EX: bacteria

8. Cell Types  2. Eukaryotic--True nucleus  Have membrane bound organelles small structures that have specific function in the cell EX: plants, animals

9. Eukaryotic Cells  3 Major Regions 1. Cell Membrane 2. Cytosol with cytoplasm 3. Nucleus

10. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Cell Membrane  Selectively permeable Some things pass through others do not  Phospholipid bi-layer 1. Water loving (hydrophilic) heads 2. Water fearing (hydrophobic) tails  Proteins- on the surface & within the bi- layer

12. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Mitochondria  make ATP / energy  have folded membrane called cristae  Ribosome  make proteins  Golgi Apparatus → package proteins

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16. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Endoplasmic Reticulum  transports proteins  smooth = no ribosomes  rough = have ribosomes  Lysosome  break down old cell parts  only in animal cells  Cytoskeleton  microfilaments & microtubules

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20. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Cillia  short & many hair like move substances or cell  Flagella  long & one hair like, move cell

23. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Nucleus  Has nuclear envelope  chromatin that becomes chromosomes  nucleolus – makes ribosomes  pores – allow things in & out of nucleus  control center of cell

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25. Parts of a Eukaryotic cell  Cell wall*  made of cellulose  support for a plant cell  Vacuoles*  store wastes & enzymes  can be very large  Plastids*  have pigments that absorb light  chloroplasts – chlorophyll- photosynthesis  chromoplast – different color  amyloplast – store starch

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32. Multicellular Organization  Cells working together make up tissue  Tissues working together make organs  Organs working together make organ sys  Organ Systems make up organism

33. Colonial organisms  are thought to be a link between uincellular & multicellular organisms  Each cell is responsible for their own self, some do functions that benefit the whole group.  EX: Volvox.