1. Section 4-1: Introduction to the Cell
Chapter 4: The Cell
Section 4-1: Introduction to the Cell

2. Discovery of the Cell Robert Hooke (1665) Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1673)
The cell theory
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
Theodor Schwann (1839)
Rudolf Virchow (1855)

3. Section 4-2
Introduction to Cells

4. Cell Diversity Shape Size Determine function
Limits: Surface area to volume ratio
(Figure 4-5)

5. Cells Basic Parts Two types Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Control center
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes

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Human Cell
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Prokaryotic Cell
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8. Organization
Cells 
Tissues 
Organs 
Organ Systems 
Organism

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Multi-Cellular Organism
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Eukaryotic Cell
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13. Cell Organelles and Features
Section 4-3
Cell Organelles and Features

14. Cell Membrane Function - Selectively permeable Structure
Phospholipid bilayer
Membrane proteins
Peripheral
Integral
Cholesterol
Fluid mosaic model

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Phospholipid
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Phospholipid Molecules
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17. Membrane Proteins Peripheral Integral
Recognition – carbohydrate chains
Connections
Receptors
Integral
Channels
Pumps

18. Q.O.D.
Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis and what is their role?

19. The Nucleus Nuclear matrix Nuclear envelope Chromatin/Chromosomes
Nuclear pores
Chromatin/Chromosomes
Nucleolus

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Nucleus via TEM
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21. The Organelles Cytoplasm/Cytosol Mitochondria Function: energy (ATP)
Structure:
Double membrane
Cristae – inner membrane
Matrix and intermembrane space
Contain own DNA
Divide on their own
Contain own ribosomes

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Mitochondrion
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23. Enodplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Free or attached
Made of proteins + RNA
Function: Protein synthesis
Enodplasmic Reticulum
Structure:
Membranous tubules and sacs
Smooth ER vs. Rough ER
Function depends on type of ER

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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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25. What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?
Q.O.D.
What are the roles of the cytoskeleton?

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Golgi Apparatus
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27. Golgi apparatus Vessicles Packages and delivers
Flattened stack of membranes
Modifies proteins to be exported
Vessicles
Lysosomes – Hydrolytic enzymes
Peroxisomes
Protein synthesis

28. Processing of Proteins
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
Chapter 4
Processing of Proteins

29. Cytoskeleton Functions Shape/Size Support Movement Structures
Microfilaments - actin
Microtubules
Spindle fibers

30. Cilia Flagella Centrioles Short, hair-like projections Beat in waves
Unicellular organisms
Respiratory tract
Flagella
Long, tail
Whipping motion
Centrioles

31. Section 4-4
Plant Cells

32. Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Section 4 Unique Features of Plant Cells
Chapter 4
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

33. Plant Cells

34. Plant Cells Cell Wall Vacuoles Support and protection Cellulose
Primary/Secondary
Vacuoles
Storage
Large, central

35. Plastids Features: Types: Own DNA, ribosomes Reproduce on their own
Two membranes
Types:
Chloroplast
Thylakoids and grana (granum)
Stroma

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Chloroplast
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37. The Chloroplast