I. Post-WWII outcomes? 1) United Nations- formed near end of WWII as a body of nations to prevent future global wars. What organization had been formed at the end of WWI to prevent global war?

2) Japan: -Occupied by American forces -Adopts democratic form of government (MacArthur Const.) -Resumed self-gov’t -Ally of U.S. Look on the bottom of your grandparent’s figurines to see if they were made in “occupied Japan.” I. Post-WWII outcomes?

3) Europe: -Lay in ruins -Soviet controlled East Europe -Germany divided into East (Communist) and West (Democratic) Divided Berlin I. Post-WWII outcomes?

4) Origins of Cold War Is this what we mean by the Cold War??? I. Post-WWII outcomes?

Cold War- 45 year competition about values. (end of WWII-collapse of Soviet Union in 1991 — 8 presidents) OR COLD WAR U.S. and West -Democracy -Individual Freedom -Market economy Soviet Union and East -Totalitarianism -Socialism: state centered -Communist II. Cold War: Defined

1949 Soviet Union successfully explodes an atomic bomb st Hydrogen Bomb tested *Much more powerful than the Atomic Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki *Precision Missile Launch THE STAKES ARE HIGH (BOTH U.S. and Soviet Union hold capability to destroy each other) II. Cold War: Defined

NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defensive alliance between U.S. and Western Europe (1 st time U.S. entered into peacetime military alliance) II. Cold War: Defined

Warsaw Pact, Defensive alliance between Soviet Union and Eastern European Countries. II. Cold War: Defined

***CONTAINMENT- do not let Communism spread, resist it! (Truman Doctrine- help “free peoples” resist Communism) III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy Harry Truman ( )

Marshall Plan- massive financial aid to rebuild Europe. George Marshall III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

Berlin Airlift ( )- Soviets block access to west Berlin. Truman orders supplies airlifted. *2.3 million tons of supplies

(1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover in China (rival to Soviet Union) REACTION: Increased fears of communist domination U.S. spent $3 million in support of Nationalist, Chiang Kai-shek, only to have failed! III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

NSC-68: U.S. National Security Report, 1950 *emphasizes Soviet aggression *calls for massive U.S. military buildup (Virginia economy benefits more than any other— Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia) How is NSC-68 different from the Marshall Plan? How is NSC-68 the same as the Marshall Plan? III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy “The U.S.S.R.’s desire for World Domination requires not only to this Republic but civilization itself take a stand”

(June, 1950) Communist North Korea invades across the 38 th parallel, attacking democratic South Korea III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy Apply Cold War policy: What should be the main objective in the Korean War? Korean War ( ):

U.N. troops (made up of 90% Americans) defend South Korea Led by Douglas MacArthur III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

300,000 Communist Chinese troops come into war on side of North Korea III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

Results of Korean War: Stalemate at 38 th parallel 54,000 Americans die Billions of Dollars spent THINK: Was the objective of the Korean War achieved? Should more have been done? III. Cold War: Harry Truman --- Foreign Policy

Who won the 1952 election?

V. COLD WAR: HOMEFRONT **A. Fear of Nuclear War. Americans were urged to build bomb shelters in their own basements.

Federal Civil Defense Administration (1950) -Educate people how to survive Atomic blast -Mobilize people in event of Atomic warfare What was the purpose of the “Bert the Turtle” campaign?

School children practice “duck and cover” drills

Senator Joseph McCarthy- (1950s) recklessly accused many government officials and citizens of being communist. (McCarthyism- making false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association.) B. Fear of Communist- “Red Scare”

Conviction of Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for spying for the Soviet Union and the construction of nuclear weapons by Soviets using secrets obtained through spying increased fears.

QUIZ TODAY ON COLD WAR!

QUIZ 1.What were 4 post-WWII outcomes? 2.What was the Cold War? (why cold?) 3.How long did the Cold War last? 4.What was the Truman Doctrine? (foreign policy) 5.Why were the stakes so high in the Cold War? 6.What was NATO? 7.What was the Warsaw Pact? 8.What happen in 1949 to increase fears during the Cold War? 9.What influence did the Cold War have on the Virginia economy? 10.What started the Korean War? 11.What country sent 300,000 troops to help the North Koreans? 12.What was the result of the Korean War? 13.What approach did Eisenhower use to “contain” communism? (Dulles)

Vietnam powerpoint 

President Reagan During the1980s, Cold War tensions increased as Ronald Reagan pursued a vigorous anti-Soviet policy –Characterized the Soviet Union as “the evil empire” –Dedicated massive amounts of money to military spending to include the Strategic Defense Initiative or “Star Wars” –Successfully confronted communist challenges in Grenada and Nicaragua Reagan delivers his “Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!” speech in 1987

The Soviet Union While the US was spending at levels the USSR was finding difficult to match, the Soviets were having their own internal problems –The Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989 after ten years of a failed war many likened to the US experience in Vietnam –The Soviet economy and those of its eastern and central European satellites were in serious trouble US-supplied Stinger missiles helped the mujahedeen defeat Soviet forces in Afghanistan

Gorbachev With economic and political reforms obviously needed, Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev initiated perestroika (the “restructuring” or decentralizing of the economy) and glasnost (an “opening” of the Soviet society to public scrutiny) Gorbachev’s reforms proved difficult to implement and unleashed hostility from the old order it threatened, long suppressed criticism, and ethnic and nationalist separatism By the summer of 1990, Gorbachev’s reforms had spent themselves

Collapse of the Soviet Empire Revolutions broke out throughout eastern Europe as people overthrow communist dictators in places like Poland, Bulgaria, and Romania and countries such as Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia broke apart The Berlin Wall came down on November 9, 1989 and East and West Germany united in 1990 The 1989 Romanian Revolution was a violent overthrow of the communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu

Collapse of the Soviet Empire Beginning in August 1991, Soviet republics began declaring their independence from the USSR Also in August, a group of conspirators representing dissatisfied elements of the Communist Party, the KGB, and the military attempted to seize power while Gorbachev was on vacation Boris Yelstin crushed the coup, but himself replaced Gorbachev By the end of 1991, the USSR had ceased to exist AP photo of Boris Yelstin atop an armored personnel carrier encouraging resistance to the coup

End of the Bipolar World The demise of the Soviet Union left the US as the world’s sole superpower Without the danger of a superpower confrontation, the US was now more free to use its military power Additionally, new opportunities for cooperative international efforts would become possible without the bipolar competition This new dynamic would be tested when Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990