BIOMOLECULES MACROMOLECULES made by polymerization-large compounds built by joining smaller ones together. Smaller units are called monomers. 4 major molecules important to life. Carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins.
BIO BUILDING BLOCKS
CARBOHYDRATES 1:2:1 RATIO 1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen Main source of energy for living things Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen Also has structural purpose for living things. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose
CARBOHYDRATES
LIPIDS Made of Carbon and Hydrogen. NOT soluble in water doesn’t mix with water Used to store energy Part of the cell membrane. Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between Carbons.
LIPIDS
LIPIDS - triglyceride
Phospholipids – cell membrane component Phospholipids: fatty acids bound to glycerol, a phosphate group replaces one fatty acid. Phosphate group is hydrophilic—”water loving head” “Water fearing tails” are fatty acid chains— hydrophobic
NUCLEIC ACIDS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus. Subunits are called nucleotides. Store and transmit hereditary information. Provide instructions for making proteins Ex. DNA, RNA
NUCLEIC ACIDS RNA—ribose DNA—deoxyribose
NUCLEIC ACIDS - nucleotides
PROTEINS Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen, and Nitrogen.(*Sulfur) Monomers are called amino acids Control rate of reactions (enzymes) Function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells. Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.
PROTEINS –amino acids