The Industrial Revolution of-us/videos/american-revolution#american- revolution

What was the Industrial Revolution? The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.

Where did the Industrial Revolution first take place? Great Britain

Why Great Britain? a)Abundance of Natural Resources Major cities spring up around near iron deposits & coal fields b)Waterways Being an island, there is more coast line to access for trading & many rives/lakes to use as a power source c)Colonial Empire Colonies supply cheap resources (e.g., cotton) Colonies supply G.B. with a market to buy the goods produced. d)Government Support Relatively peaceful, not in turmoil Lift restrictions on trade allowing manufacturers & merchants the opportunity to make high profits.

Textile Industry Revolutions:  Eli Whitney  Cotton Gin  Removed the seeds and other unwanted materials  James Hargreaves  Spinning Jenny  Machine can do the work of 16 people The Cotton gin unfortunately increased the demand for slave labor on American plantations.

Pre-Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Domestic Small Towns Hand crafted Learn through apprenticeship Self-employed Own personal machines Trade with locals Cooperation Flexibility Sense of Accomplishment Factories Growth of Cities Mass Production Taught needed skills on the factory floor [bulk unskilled] Employed by business Technological innovations make machines expensive Monotonous work of a single aspect of the good Competition Isolation Bad work conditions Environmental pollution Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions

New Innovations… James Watt improved the STEAM ENGINE to make it run 4x faster on the same amount of coal.

Innovations Henry Bessemer Created a process to make steel cheaper to produce, stronger, & easier to work with. Process involved blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities

Effects of Industrialization… 1.Population Explosion & Growth of Cities - medical discoveries (Edward Jenner- smallpox vaccination. Louis Pasteur- discovered bacteria) & public sanitation -housing/tenements & standard of living 2.Factories and Mines - Harsh working conditions -Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor. Child labor especially kept costs of production low and profits high. -Owners exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers. 3. Increased competition among industrialized nations for raw materials and markets in the world. This led to imperialism.

Responses to the Industrial Revolution #1 Demands for change in Great Britain Worker riots lead to Parliament investigation of factory conditions Journalists describe & authors write about appalling life of a factory worker Leads to worker reforms for children in 1833 & 1842

#2 Social Effects a. Rise of Labor Unions -Demand for better $, hours, conditions. Organized strikes. Wanted collective bargaining. Met with opposition from Businesses/ Employers … Why? b Expansion of Education c. Women’s increase demands for suffrage (right to vote). d. Reforms to end child labor

#3 Improvements for Workers Employers realized productivity dependent on attitude of workers. Better conditions Factory Codes= minimum standards for safety & sanitation Beginning of Insurance Funds= help support workers who can’t word due to illnesses or injury What about Social Security Benefits?