1. The Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

2. What do you know about the Industrial Revolution?

3. What was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.

4. Where did the Industrial Revolution first take place?
Great Britain

5. Why Great Britain? Abundance of Natural Resources Waterways
Major cities spring up around near iron deposits & coal fields
Waterways
Being an island, there is more coast line to access for trading & many rives/lakes to use as a power source
Colonial Empire
Colonies supply cheap resources (e.g., cotton)
Colonies supply G.B. with a market to buy the goods produced.
d) Government Support
Relatively peaceful, not in turmoil
Lift restrictions on trade allowing manufacturers & merchants the opportunity to make high profits.

6. Textile Industry Revolutions:
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
Machine can do the work of 16 people
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Removed the seeds and other unwanted materials
The Cotton gin unfortunately increased the demand for slave labor on American plantations.

7. Pre-Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Factories
Growth of Cities
Mass Production
Taught needed skills on the factory floor [bulk unskilled]
Employed by business
Technological innovations make machines expensive
Monotonous work of a single aspect of the good
Competition
Isolation
Bad work conditions
Environmental pollution
Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions
Domestic
Small Towns
Hand crafted
Learn through apprenticeship
Self-employed
Own personal machines
Trade with locals
Cooperation
Flexibility
Sense of Accomplishment

8. New Innovations… James Watt
improved the STEAM ENGINE to make it run 4x faster on the same amount of coal.

9. Innovations Henry Bessemer
Created a process to make steel cheaper to produce, stronger, & easier to work with.
Process involved blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities

10. Effects of Industrialization…
Population Explosion & Growth of Cities
medical discoveries (Edward Jenner- smallpox vaccination. Louis Pasteur- discovered bacteria) & public sanitation
housing/tenements & standard of living
Factories and Mines
-Harsh working conditions
-Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor. Child labor especially kept costs of production low and profits high.
-Owners exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers.
3. Increased competition among industrialized nations for raw materials and markets in the world. This led to imperialism.

11. Responses to the Industrial Revolution#1
Demands for change in Great Britain
Worker riots lead to Parliament investigation of factory conditions
Journalists describe & authors write about appalling life of a factory worker
Leads to worker reforms for children in 1833 & 1842

12. b Expansion of Education #2
Social Effects
a. Rise of Labor Unions
-Demand for better $, hours, conditions. Organized strikes. Wanted collective bargaining.
Met with opposition from Businesses/ Employers … Why?
b Expansion of Education
c. Women’s increase demands for suffrage (right to vote).
d. Reforms to end child labor

13. Improvements for Workers #3
Employers realized productivity dependent on attitude of workers.
Better conditions
Factory Codes= minimum standards for safety & sanitation
Beginning of Insurance Funds= help support workers who can’t word due to illnesses or injury
What about Social Security Benefits?

14. What has changed and what has stayed in same in terms of factory life?

15. What might be considered the “Industrial Revolution” of today?