1. The Industrial Revolution The Turning Point in World History…why? Hans Rosling’s 200 Countries 200 Years 4 minutes
It brought about such sweeping changes that it virtually transformed the world, even areas in which industrialization did not occur.

2. Objectives: Where did the Industrial Revolution start? Why?
Society pre and post Industrialization
Major innovations/inventors of the I.R.
Effects of and Responses to Industrialization

3. What was the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes took place in agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation.

4. Pre-Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution
Factories
Growth of Cities
Mass Production
Taught needed skills on the factory floor [bulk unskilled]
Employed by business
Technological innovations make machines expensive
Monotonous work of a single aspect of the good
Competition
Isolation
Bad work conditions
Environmental pollution
Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions
Domestic
Small Towns
Cottage Industry
Hand crafted
Learn through apprenticeship
Self-employed
Own personal machines
Trade with locals
Cooperation
Flexibility
Sense of Accomplishment

5. Where did the Industrial Revolution first take place?
Great Britain

6. Why Great Britain? Abundance of Natural Resources Waterways
Major cities spring up near iron deposits & coal fields
Waterways
Being an island, there is more coast line to access for trading & many rivers/lakes to use as a power source
Colonial Empire
Colonies supply cheap resources (cotton)
Colonies supply G.B. with a market to buy the goods produced.
d) Government Support
Relatively peaceful, not in turmoil
Lift restrictions on trade allowing manufacturers & merchants the opportunity to make high profits.

7. Textile Industry Revolutions:
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny
Machine can do the work of 16 people
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin
Removed the seeds and other unwanted materials
The earliest transformation of the Industrial Revolution was Britain's textile industry. In 1750 Britain already exported wool, linen, and cotton cloth, and the profits of cloth merchants were boosted by speeding up the process by which spinners and weavers made cloth. One invention led to another since none were useful if any part of the process was slower than the others.
The Cotton gin unfortunately increased the demand for slave labor on American plantations.

8. New Innovations… James Watt
improved the STEAM ENGINE to make it run 4x faster on the same amount of coal.
Once the textile industry began its exponential growth, transportation of raw materials to factories and manufactured goods to customers had to be worked out. New inventions in transportation spurred the Industrial Revolution further. A key invention was the steam engine that was perfected by James Watt in the late 1790s. Although steam power had been used before, Watt invented ways to make it practical and efficient to use for both water and land transportation.
Perhaps the most revolutionary use of steam energy was the railroad engine, which drove English industry after The first long-distance rail line from the coastal city of Liverpool to inland Manchester was an immediate success upon its completion in 1830, and within a few decades, most British cities were connected by rail. Railroads revolutionized life in Britain in several ways:
1) Railroads gave manufacturers a cheap way to transport materials and finished products.
2) The railroad boom created hundreds of thousands of new jobs for both railroad workers and miners.
3) The railroad industry spawned new industries and inventions and increased the productivity of others. For example, agricultural products could be transported farther without spoiling, so farmers benefited from the railroads.
4) Railroads transported people, allowing them to work in cities far away from their homes and travel to resort areas for leisure.

9. Innovations Henry Bessemer
Created a process to make steel cheaper to produce, stronger, & easier to work with.
Process involved blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn out excess carbon and impurities

10. Effects of Industrialization…
Population Explosion & Growth of Cities
- medical discoveries & public sanitation
-Edward Jenner- smallpox vaccination
-Louis Pasteur- discovered bacteria
- housing/tenements & standard of living
Factories and Mines
-Harsh working conditions
-Women and children entered the workplace as cheap labor.
-Child labor especially kept costs of production low and profits high.
-Owners exercised considerable control over the lives of their laborers.
3. Increased competition among industrialized nations for raw materials and markets in the world which led to IMPERIALISM.

11. Responses to the Impact of the Industrial Revolution#1
Demands for change in Great Britain
Worker riots lead to Parliament investigation of factory conditions
Journalists describe & authors write about appalling life of a factory worker
Leads to worker reforms for children in 1833 & 1842

12. #2 Social Effects a. Rise of Labor Unions b Expansion of Education
-Demand for better $, hours, conditions. Organized strikes. Wanted collective bargaining.
Met with opposition from Businesses/ Employers … Why?
b Expansion of Education
c. Women’s increase demands for suffrage (right to vote).
d. Reforms to end child labor

13. Improvements for Workers #3
Employers realized productivity dependent on attitude of workers.
Better conditions
Factory Codes= minimum standards for safety & sanitation
Beginning of Insurance Funds= help support workers who can’t work due to illnesses or injury

14. Imperialism as a Response to Industrialization#4
Need for more raw materials (natural resources)
Need to open new markets in which to sell products of industrialization
OTHER Reasons for Imperialism
(not just Industrial reasons)
Political
Economic (this one is the link to Industrialization)
Religious
Exploratory
Ideology

15. Where else does industrialism take hold following England?
Belgium
Germany
Northern France
United States
Russia
Japan
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century, and spread during the 19th century to Belgium, Germany, Northern France, the United States, and Japan. Almost all areas of the world felt the effects of the Industrial Revolution because it divided the world into "have" and "have not" countries, with many of the latter being controlled by the former. England's lead in the Industrial Revolution translated into economic prowess and political power that allowed colonization of other lands, eventually building a worldwide British Empire.

16. Where are the “newly industrialized” countries (NICs)?
China
India
South Africa
Mexico
Turkey
Why didn’t industrialization happen here first?
NICs are countries whose economies have not yet reached First World status but have, in a macroeconomic sense, outpaced their developing counterparts. Another characterization of NICs is that of nations undergoing rapid economic growth (usually export-oriented). Incipient or ongoing industrialization is an important indicator of a NIC. In many NICs, social upheaval can occur as primarily rural, or agricultural, populations migrate to the cities, where the growth of manufacturing concerns and factories can draw many thousands of laborers.
NICs usually share some other common features, including:
Increased social freedoms and civil rights.[dubious – discuss]
Strong political leaders.
A switch from agricultural to industrial economies, especially in the manufacturing sector.
An increasingly open-market economy, allowing free trade with other nations in the world.[dubious – discuss]
Large national corporations operating in several continents.
Strong capital investment from foreign countries.
Political leadership in their area of influence.

17. Mapping the Major Ideas
How did the Industrial Revolution change the world?
Read material silently, marking changes
In a group, create a web that depicts these changes with a short phrase and image for each (detailed but concise!)

18. Global Industrialization
Bridging World History
Video and Questions
Additional activities (PDF)