20 th Century Social Movements Women Environment Handicapped

Women’s Movement Feminism: theory of political, social and economic equality of men and women – First used in 1895 when women recognized that they had a disadvantage in many aspects in society – As late as the 1970’s, many still held the belief that women should only work outside the home for a short period before turning their attention toward home and family

Women’s Movement Impact of the Civil Right Movement: Women applied the same techniques as were used in the fight for civil rights Gave women the legal tools to fight – 1964 Civil Rights Act – An amendment to the bill was added to fight gender discrimination – However, women quickly learned that their discrimination claims would not be taken seriously

Women’s Movement Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan -Described the cultural patterns that prevented women achieving their full potential NOW: National Organization for Women: -Goal was to bring into full participation in mainstream society -Sought equal pay and equal job opportunity as well as more balance in marriage & home

Women’s Movement Roe v. Wade (1973) -Made abortion legal within the first 3 months of pregnancy -Forced many states to change existing laws that outlawed the procedure -Decision based on constitutional right to personal privacy

Environmental Movement Rachel Carson: biologist who wanted to be a writer -Main theme in her works was that humans are part of nature and carried greater responsibility because they has power to change the environment Silent Spring most famous work attacking the use of pesticides including DDT

Disabled Americans Rehabilitation Act of 1973: prohibits discrimination in any federally funded program Education for all Handicapped Children of 1975: ensures free education for children with disabilities Mainstreaming: bring handicapped students out of isolation and into “mainstream” student life. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990: prohibits discrimination in public accommodation, transportation, government and communication.

Other Social Movements AIM: American Indian Movement  Focus on special problems of Indians in cities  Set up patrols to monitor street activity  Encouraged racial pride in young people  Fought for autonomy – self-government  Sought to restore lands that they lost

Ethnic Minority Groups Latino Americans – United Farm Workers – Organized by Cesar Chavez to improve working conditions for migrant farm workers – Created a union and forced a law that required collective bargaining between growers and farm workers