A Growing Economy Chapter 7 Lesson 1

Developing Industry  Alabama had everything it needed to develop industry, or the production of goods.  We had good raw materials, people to work in factories, people with good ideas, and money to start and run new businesses.

Alabama’s Three Main Raw Materials  Coal  Iron Ore  Limestone

Iron Ore  Iron ore is a rock containing enough iron to be mined for a profit. Alabama became the center of coal and iron production in the South.

Pig Iron  Pig Iron is iron produced in a blast furnace heated by powdered coal.  Levin Goodrich ran a company that produced pig iron.

Henry DeBardeleben  Henry DeBardeleben started several coal and iron companies in Alabama.

New Transportation  Railroad construction began to boom in the 1880’s. Many people wanted to travel by train too. Railroads helped trade expand.  Many companies built their own rail lines to transport their goods.  By 1900, Alabama was connected by rail lines. Alabama was also connected to other states by rail. Birmingham became Alabama’s transportation hub, or center.

Imports and Exports  An import is a good brought into a country from another country.  An export is a good sent to one country by another country.  Pig iron was one of Alabama’s most important exports. Birmingham produced 75% of all pig iron exports in the United States.  Cotton trade slowed down. Europe began to buy more cotton from other countries instead of Alabama.

New Cities and Towns  Industry caused the growth of urban areas, or larger towns and cities, in Alabama.  Birmingham became Alabama’s second largest city.  Coal, iron, and lumber companies built towns for their workers.  Anniston was started by an iron company.  Bessemer was founded by Henry DeBardeleben as a center for steel production.

A Growing Economy Chapter 7 Lesson 2

Ways of Life  In the late 1800’s, industries and cities were growing.  Textile mills were growing.  Most men who were not working in factories or coal mines were working in business, banking, medicine, or law.  Wealthy people owned mills, factories, and mines.  Some women worked in factories or domestic jobs.  Other women worked for reforms, or change. One example of reform is women’s right to vote.  Most people still lived in rural areas.

Education  By the late 1800’s more people were able to get an education.  Public schools educated the people who couldn’t afford private schools.  Women were allowed to attend some all-male schools.  The University of Alabama admitted women for the first time in  Women attended normal schools. Normal schools trained elementary teachers.

Education and Culture  Julia Tutwiler and Maria Fearing were two respected teachers.  Students began attending the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Alabama. This became Auburn University.  Booker T. Washington opened Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. It is now Tuskegee University. It was an African American College.  Many other Alabamians contributed to art, music and writing. Julia Tutwiler was a famous teacher. She also wrote a poem that became our state song.

Race Relations  Jim Crow laws segregated, or separated, people by race.  Prejudice is the unfair dislike against a person. People in Alabama began be prejudice and segregate whites and blacks.  Plessy v. Ferguson was a court case. The Supreme Court ruled that whites and blacks could be segregated as long as it was “separate but equal.” Things were separate, but they were not equal.

NAACP  The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was formed in 1905 by W.E.B. Du Bois.  The NAACP has worked to end prejudice against African Americans in the United States.