Classification Go to Section:

Important Vocabulary 1. Taxonomy: science of classification Slide # 2 Important Vocabulary 1. Taxonomy: science of classification Binomial nomenclature: two name naming system Prokaryotic: cells without nucleus Eukaryotic: cells with a nucleus Autotroph: organism capable capturing energy from sunlight or chemicals & produces its own food Heterotroph: organism that obtains its energy from food it consumes

Finding Order in Diversity Slide # 3 Finding Order in Diversity 1. Why Classify? To study the diversity of life Taxonomy: science of classification 2. Why organisms are given scientific names-- Common names are misleading jellyfish silverfish star fish None of these animals are fish! Go to Section:

Why Scientists Assign Scientific Names to Organisms Slide # 4 Why Scientists Assign Scientific Names to Organisms Some organisms have several common names This cat is commonly known as: Florida panther Mountain lion Puma Cougar Scientific name: Felis concolor Scientific name means “coat of one color” Go to Section:

Aristotle: The First to Classify Slide # 5 Aristotle: The First to Classify 1. Aristotle: 1st to classify Divided organisms into 2 groups -- Plant or animal Divided animals into 2 groups-- Blooded or bloodless Grouped organisms together that were not related 2. Aristotle’s system remained unchanged for 2,000 years! Aristotle Aristotle grouped jellyfish & clown fish together because they lived in the water. However, these organisms are not closely related. Go to Section:

Linnaeus: The Father of Modern Taxonomy Slide # 6 Linnaeus: The Father of Modern Taxonomy 1732: Carolus Linnaeus developed system of classification – binomial nomenclature Two name naming system Gave organisms 2 names Genus and species Genus: noun species: adjective Genus capitalized species not capitalized Both names are italicized or underlined EX: Homo sapiens: wise / thinking man Each organism is given a scientific name – even newly discovered species Carolus Linnaeus Go to Section:

Linnaeus’s System is Hierarchical Slide # 7 Linnaeus’s System is Hierarchical Most Inclusive Kingdom Which of the following contains all of the others? Family c. Class Species d. Order Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do not belong to the same: Family c. Order Genus d. Species Phylum Class Order Family Genus Least Inclusive Species Go to Section:

Hierarchical Ordering of Classification Slide # 8 Hierarchical Ordering of Classification Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata As we move from the kingdom level to the species level, more and more members are excluded – species is least inclusive! CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Go to Section:

Slide # 9 Kingdom Eubacteria E. coli Streptococcus Go to Section:

Kingdom Archaebacteria: Live in Extreme Habitats Slide # 10 Kingdom Archaebacteria: Live in Extreme Habitats Bacillus infernus lives in deep sea vents in the ocean – obtains energy from Earth’s heat Also called extremophiles Go to Section:

Kingdom Protista: Very Diverse Slide # 11 Paramecium Green algae Amoeba Go to Section:

Kingdom Fungi: Unusual Heterotrophs Slide # 12 Kingdom Fungi: Unusual Heterotrophs Mildew on Leaf Mushroom Go to Section:

Kingdom Plantae: The Last to Evolve! Slide # 13 Kingdom Plantae: The Last to Evolve! Ferns : seedless vascular Douglas fir: seeds in cones Sunflowers: seeds in flowers Mosses growing on trees Go to Section:

Kingdom Animalia Bumble bee jellyfish Sage grouse hydra Slide # 14 Kingdom Animalia Bumble bee jellyfish Sage grouse hydra Poison dart frog sponge Go to Section:

1st step: Classify / Group into 2 groups 2nd step: Classify / Group EACH group into 2 groups 3rd step: Classify / Group Each group that still has different members into 2 groups