1. What is the difference between Phylogeny, Cladistics, and Taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the biological science that deals with arranging and naming groups and organisms.
Early system based on morphological similarities and differences. Today mostly based on known phylogenetic relationships and similarities in DNA

2. Phylogeny refers to the development of a group, particularly through evolutionary lines.  

3. Cladistics is a study in which groups (species, etc) are arranged on a phylogenetic tree according to the TIME at which they arose from other groups. For example, on a cladistic-type diagram, and earlier-evolving species would form a lower branch on the tree than one that evolved later.

4. Science of Classification
Taxonomy
Science of Classification

5. Classification The process of putting similar things into groups.
Taxonomy – The science of classifying organisms

6. History of Classification:
4000 BC – Aristotle
Creates first written classification scheme
Two Groups:
Animal Group – anything that lived on land, in the water, or in the air
Plant Group – based this on their different stems

7. History of Classification:
Many different systems, most of which were extremely complicated
Names were based on common names (confusion)
Names also based on long scientific definitions

8. What is this animal?

9. Puma, Cougar, Mountain Lion, etc.

10. History of Classification:
1700’s – Carolus Linnaeus
Establishes system for classifying and naming organisms
Based on the structural similarities of the organisms
Binomial Nomenclature – 2 Name naming system
Created groups called Taxa or Taxon
Each Taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed
Approximately 2.5 million kinds of organisms identified

11. Modern Day Levels of Classifcation
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
KING
PHILLIP
CAME
OVER
FOR
GOOD
SPAGHETTI
KIDS
PLAYING
CATCH ON
FREEWAY
GET
SMASHED

12. Modern Day Levels of Classification
Man
Box Elder Tree
Bobcat
Canadian Lynx
Kingdom
Animalia
Plantea
Phylum
Chordata
Anthophyta
Class
Mammalian
Dicotyledonae
Mammalia
Mammlia
Order
Primates
Sapindales
Carnivora
Family
Hominidae
Aceracae
Felidae
Genus
Homo
Acer
Lynx
Species
sapiens
nugundo
rufus
camadensis

13. Modern Taxonomy: Evidence used to classify into taxon groups
Embryology
Chromosomes / DNA
Biochemistry
Physiology
Evolution
Behavior

14. Binomial Nomenclature
A system of scientific naming using two names for every organism
Use the genus and the species name
For Example:
Human Scientific Name
Genus species
Homo sapiens

15. Felis concolor

16. Rules for Binomial Nomenclature:
Name is in Greek or Latin
First word is the genus
Second word is the species
Words are italicized or underlined
First word capitalized
Second word lower case

17. 5 Kingdom System Kingdom Monera Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

18. Kingdom Monera Prokaryotes (no nuclei)
Heterotrophic (have to ingest food) and Autotrophic (can make own food)
Anaerobic and Aerobic
Aquatic, terrestrial, and in air
Mostly asexual
Mostly non-motile
Examples: Bacteria, eubacteria, archebacteria

19. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotes (have nuclei) Heterotropic and autotrophic
Unicellular
Mostly aquatic
Mostly asexual
Motile and non-motile
Examples: protozoa, slime molds, algae

20. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotes Heterotrophic Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Non-motile
Example: Mushrooms, bread molds, yeasts

21. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Non-motile
Example: mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

22. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotes Multicellular Heterotrophic
Terrestrial and aquatic
Sexual (a few asexual)
Motile (a few non-motile)
Examples: sponges, jellyfish, fish, mammals, arthropods, reptiles, birds