Accessory Organs of Digestion 1.Liver produces bile which helps in breaking down fats absorbs fat-soluble vitamins ADEK. also maintains blood sugar levels by storing extra glucose as glycogen

The liver makes amino acids monitors the production of cholesterol and detoxifies (makes harmless) poisons If the liver is unable to change a substance’s harmful form, it stores it. In this way, toxins are accumulated and may cause disease. For example cirrhosis (scar tissue in the liver).

2. Gallbladder- storage sack for bile produced by the liver. About the size of your thumb.

3. Thyroid gland- regulates metabolism, energy, growth and development and the activity of the nervous system.

4. Parathyroid glands- tiny glands found on the thyroid gland. Responsible for regulating calcium levels. Calcium is necessary for blood clotting, formation of bones and teeth, and normal muscle function.

5. Pancreas produces 2 hormones that control blood sugar. (1) Insulin lowers glucose (sugar) circulating in the blood It causes the muscles to take in the sugar to be used for sugar (2) Glucagon raises blood glucose It causes the liver to release glucose that was stored as glycogen

Diabetes (through sugar) is a serious disorder in which cells are not able to obtain glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels. The kidneys excrete the sugar through urine. The cells use stored body fat for energy.

Two types of Diabetes: Type I (aka insulin-dependent diabetes)- about 10% of total diabetic population and usually occurs before the age of 20. Hereditary autoimmune disorder in which the person’s immune system attacks the cells of the pancreas, causing low insulin levels. Treated with daily injections of insulin.

Type II (non-insulin-dependent) often have an abnormally low number of insulin receptors, while the insulin level is normal. Type II often develops in people over 40 as a consequence of obesity and an inactive lifestyle. Usually treated with diet and exercise and sometimes medication other than insulin.