Do Now Test Friday: Study these things: 1. Life in North/ Life in South 2. Events leading to Civil War 3. Key battles/events of Civil War 4. Do you know these terms? Union, Confederacy, slavery, secede, total war, modern war, border state

Fighting the Civil War Key People and Events

Abraham Lincoln President of the USA Abraham Lincoln born in KY, 1809 to a poor family didn’t have much schooling worked several different jobs (store clerk, rail-splitter, lawyer) very little military experience 6 foot 4 inches tall patient, thoughtful, and tolerant of others—had a good sense of humor devoted to preserving the Union (the USA)

Jefferson Davis President of the CSA Jefferson Davis born in KY in a log cabin; then grew up on a plantation in MS attended West Point Military Academy in NY Served as a commander in Mexican-American War Served as senator from MS Nearly six feet tall elected president of the Confederate States although he really didn’t enjoy politics

Attack on Fort Sumter April Charleston, South Carolina In Charleston harbor, the USA owned a fort (Fort Sumter) On April 12, 1861 secessionists opened fire on Fort Sumter (owned by USA) After 33 hours of bombing, the federal fort surrendered to the South. The nation was now at war.

Battle of Bull Run July Manassas, VA In July 1861, Union troops marched out of Washington, DC heading for Richmond, VA– capital of the CSA (only 90 miles separated the two cities) Northern troops clashed with Southern troops at Manassas, VA– the Northern troops were forced to retreat With such a smashing victory for the South, Lincoln prepared for a long war

Battle of Antietam September Sharpsburg, MD Southern General Robert E. Lee sent troops into Maryland (a Union slave state) hoping to persuade Maryland to join the Confederacy The Northern army halted Lee’s invasion of MD– a victory for the North But a costly victory: the Battle of Antietam is considered the single bloodiest day of the entire Civil War More Americans died in 1 day at Antietam than in the War of 1812 and the Mexican-American War combined

Emancipation Proclamation The victory at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to shift the focus of the war to ending slavery Emancipation = freeing someone from the control of another person The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all slaves held in Confederate states were emancipated (freed) as of January 1863

Gettysburg July Gettysburg, PA Considered the “turning point” battle of the Civil War The Southern army, led by Lee, attempted to invade the North through PA The battle lasted 3 days and was the bloodiest of the Civil War The North won the battle– and the South would never again try to invade the North as a result Also, because of the Southern defeat, Great Britain and France refused to provide aid to the Confederacy

The Gettysburg Address November 1863 One of the most well-known (and shortest) speeches in American history “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…” “we here highly resolve…that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Sherman’s March to the Sea May – December 1864 General Sherman (USA) led 100,000 troops from Tennessee through Georgia Goals: take Atlanta and destroy railroads Marching from Atlanta to Savannah, GA– wanted to “make Georgia howl!” Ordered troops to destroy RR, bridges, crops, livestock– burned plantations In the end, made Southerners hate Northerners

By April 1865, General Grant (USA) had surrounded General Lee’s forces in VA Lee: “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant and I would rather die a thousand deaths.” The North had won the war– a war that had lasted 4 years and cost 620,000 American lives Surrender at Appomattox 9 April 1865– Appomattox Courthouse, VA

Reconstruction Amendments The period following the Civil War is known as “Reconstruction”– because it was the time in which the nation was re-built Key changes to the Constitution were made as a result of the Northern victory in the Civil War Three amendments, known as the “Reconstruction Amendments,” were added: 13 th Amendment: abolished slavery 14 th Amendment: all persons born in USA are citizens (including recently freed black men and women) AND all citizens treated equally by law 15 th Amendment: all men could vote (including black men)