Chapter 22: The Industrial Revolution Section 1: Origins of the Industrial Revolution
The Agricultural Revolution Improvements that increased production and made farm labor easier
Enclosure movement: process by which common lands were fenced off into individual holdings
Jethro Tull English landowner who invented a seed drill that made it possible to plant seeds in straight rows
Charles “Turnip” Townshend Crop Rotation : helped farmers produce more crops using the same amount of land
Results of Agricultural Revolution Only wealthy farmers could afford the new improvements in agriculture Farm workers were now replaced by machines
Industrial Revolution Era of rapid industrial development Began in Great Britain
Factors of Production Great Britain had land, capital, and labor conditions
The Textile Industry Textile: a cloth, esp. one manufactured by weaving or knitting Mechanization: automatic machinery used to increase production
Eli Whitney American inventor of the Cotton Gin
Bessemer Process A cheaper and more efficient method of making steel
Transportation George Stephenson – perfected a steam locomotive that ran on rails Robert Fulton – American engineer who was the first to build a profitable steamboat (the Clermont)
The Communications Revolution Samuel Morse: the American who invented the telegraph and a system for encoding the alphabet (Morse Code)