Fighting the War

The Gallipoli Campaign A. Allies want the region of the Ottoman Empire known as the Ottoman Empire known as the “Dardanelles” “Dardanelles” 1. A narrow sea strait 2. Gateway to the capital city of Constantinople city of Constantinople 3. Objective: Defeat the Ottoman Turks Ottoman Turks 4. Defeat will allow the Allies to establish a Allies to establish a supply line to Russia supply line to Russia

B. G’day Mate 1.Allied forces joined by Australians 2.Turkish troops led by German officers defend the region C. A Bloody Stalemate 1.Fighting begins in February, by May, no advances are made 2.Allied forces evacuate as the casualty mark reaches 250, G’Day, Mate!

Fighting in Africa A.Allied forces pummel German colonies in Africa and Asia 1.The Japanese capture Germany’s Pacific island colonies 2.The English and French assume control of 3 of Germany’s 4 African colonies B.Allied powers recruit people from their colonial possessions to fight in the war

The U.S. Enters the War A. Germany announces the practice of unrestricted submarine warfare B. May 15, 1915 – A German U-boat sinks the British passenger ship, the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Note

To the German Minister in Mexico Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of February we intend to begin submarine warfare unrestricted. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavour to keep neutral the United States of America. If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for settlement... You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak of war with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative, should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to this plan; at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make peace in a few months. Signed, Zimmermann

The Zimmerman Note 1.Forces the United States into the war effort 2.Fuels the creation of propaganda to boost morale and support for the war

Propaganda and Total War

Wait! Where’s Russia??? A. Czar Nicholas is forced to step down from power B. March 1917 – Russian forces withdrawal from fighting after 5.5 million Russian soldiers are fighting after 5.5 million Russian soldiers are wounded, killed or taken prisoner wounded, killed or taken prisoner C. November 1917 – The Bolshevik Revolution 1. Turns Russia into a Communist State 2. Vladimir Lenin assumes power D. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – Lenin agrees to end war between Russia and Germany to end war between Russia and Germany

Meanwhile, in Europe A. The Second Battle of the Marne, July 1918 B.Germany advances to within 40 miles of Paris and then they begin to crumble 1. The United States sends 140,000 fresh troops to counterattack German forces to counterattack German forces Allied tanks flatten the German lines 3. The Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria surrender 4. An internal revolution in Austria-Hungary brings them home brings them home

Can There Be Peace? 5. German soldiers begin to revolt against their leader a. Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down from power b. Germany declares itself a Republic C. November 11, 1918 – France and Germany sign an armistice (an agreement to end fighting) and World War I comes to a close

times.com/2014/09/10/ teaching-world-war-i- with-the-new-york- times/?_r=1http://learning.blogs.ny times.com/2014/09/10/ teaching-world-war-i- with-the-new-york- times/?_r=1 Technology video OP8TQhttps:// OP8TQ Lady Germania chained to a torture pole. German political picture, June 1919