War of 1812

Why Fighting between France and Britain Britain blockades France Seize 1,000 + American ships Americans favor France British impressment (seizing Americans) Chesapeake incident -> search and seizure Jefferson ask Congress for embargo (no exports)

Canada  Very ill-prepared army British forces weakest in Canada Capture Montreal and the rest goes too? 3 pronged attack -> Detroit, Niagra, and Lake Champlain (unsuccessful) Turn to fighting with navy (Old Ironside) Napoleon exiled leaving U.S. alone in war Britain attacks New York through Lake Champlain but successfully defended by U.S.

Washington and New Orleans Another British force lands in Chesapeake Bay region Defeated disorganized U.S.= marched into Washington and burned the Capitol and White House U.S. troops held firm in Baltimore Star Spangled Banner Third British attack on New Orleans unsuccessfully

Treaty of Ghent/Hartford Convention Tsar Alexander I of Russia wants to end the fighting between U.S. and Britain Bring the two together in Ghent, Belgium Agreed to stop fighting (ended fight in draw) New England prospers during the war Secretly trading with British in Canada still and some begin talks of succession Hartford Convention -> New England states get together to list grievances about war (federalists) Demand money for lost trade, 2/3 vote to impose an embargo/new states admitted/war declared, abolish 3/5 compromise, single term for President, and prohibit election of 2 Presidents from the same state Begins the end of the Federalist Party

By Products of the War U.S. proves it will fight to protect itself Sectionalism Manufacturing prospered Rush-Bagot agreement (limited navy on the Great Lakes) Nationalism

The American System Britain tries to strangle American businesses by cutting its prices in half Tariff of 1816 (protective) American System (3 Parts) Strong banking system (easy and abundant credit) Protective tariff (manufacturing would flourish) Roads/Canal System(uniting country)

Era of Good Feelings / Panic of election -> James Monroe wins Good times labeled as “era of good feelings” Economic panic begins in 1819 Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, debtors’ prisons Caused by over speculation in the frontier lands

Moving on West 9 new states in the West between 1791 – 1819 Alternated admission as free or slave state Cheap land appeals to European immigrants Land exhaustion in the South

Slavery and Sectional Balance Western States = Slave or Non-slave states? Missouri becoming close to state-hood Tallmadge amendment = no more slaves should be brought into Missouri and emancipation for children of slaves born there Slave and non-slave states tied at 2 (equal representation) Missouri Compromise Missouri would become a slave state Maine admitted as a free state

Court Stuff Headed by Chief Justice John Marshall McCulloch v. Maryland MD wanted to destroy bank of U.S. (bank ruled constitutional) Cohens v. Virginia Gave federal courts right to review decisions of state supreme court Gibbons v. Ogden Gave federal gov’t control over interstate commerce

Oregon, Florida, and the Monroe Doctrine Florida Purchase Treaty aka Adams-Onis Treaty Gave Florida to the U.S. and some Spanish claims in Oregon territory Gave Spain claims in Texas In a message to Congress Monroe warns to European countries noncolonization and nonintervention Symbol of nationalism in the United States