1. The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism

2. Causes of the War of 1812
Seizing American merchant ships headed for France
Embargo Act of 1807
Impressment of American sailors
Western and southern “War Hawks”
Henry Clay
John Calhoun
Division of Americans

3. Highlights of the War of 1812
British invade New York
Burning of the White House - August 1813
Battle of New Orleans

4. Results of the War of 1812 Justified neutrality policy
Native American tribes in the West lost their ally in Britain
American manufacturing began to grow
Opposing the war weakened the Federalist Party
Andrew Jackson and William Henry Harrison became war heroes
“The Star Spangled Banner”

5. The Treaty of Ghent Signed on December 24, 1814
Armistice: acknowledged a draw and ignored the demands of both sides
Americans refused the demands of the British.
Relationship returned to same state it had been prior to the war.

6. The Hartford Convention
MA, CT, NH, VT, and RI met secretly from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815.
Secession discussed, but most wanted money from government for lost trade.
Asked for a 2/3 majority for all embargoes, except during invasion.
Convention ended up being the death of the Federalist Party.
Almost seemed treasonous after the win in New Orleans.

7. Nationalism Spirit of national consciousness
Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper became popular
American landscape artists and American history books became popular
Revived Bank of the United States
Beautiful national capital

8. The American System
British competition flooded the American market with cheap goods,
Work of Henry Clay
Develop a home market
Protective Tariff of 1816
Strong banking system in order to provide easy credit
Network of roads and canals to be built in the Ohio River Valley

9. Era of Good Feelings? Monroe elected in 1816 (one party rule)
Connected the old generation with the new
Did not involve fighting between the major political parties
But sectionalism was increasing and the slavery issue was becoming more important

10. Panic of 1819 What is a “panic?”
Caused by overspeculation in land prices, especially in the west
Bank of the United States was heavily in debt
Deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, and overcrowded debtors’ prisons
Provided the foundation for Jacksonian Democracy

11. Growth in the West
Nine states joined the original 13 between 1791 and 1819
“Ohio Fever”
Cumberland Road and the steam ship
Land Act of 1820: 80 acres could be purchased for $1.25 per acre
Southern view: Northerners were unfriendly, greedy, and too ambitious
Northern view; Southerners were uneducated, uncivilized, and had no desire for self-improvement

12. Missouri Compromise and Issue of Slavery
Missouri would be admitted as a slave state and Maine would enter as a free state.
All states north of the 36th parallel would be free.
Monroe looked like he was doomed during his first administration, but easily won re-election due to his popularity and the weakness of the Federalist party
Only put off the inevitable

13. The Missouri Compromise

14. John Marshall extends Nationalism to the Judiciary
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1818)
Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Legislative grant was a contract and the state could not interfere
Protecting private property against public pressure
Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
Right of the Supreme Court to review state Supreme Court decisions in matters relating to the federal government

15. Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida
Jackson swept into Florida
Hanged two Indians and Two Brits
1819: Florida to the U.S.
Treaty of 1818
Britain and U.S. would jointly share the Oregon Territory
England was just too far away, giving Americans a chance to colonize

16. The Monroe Doctrine
Written by the Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams
Two basic features
Non-colonization
Non-intervention

17. Evaluation of the Monroe Doctrine
European monarchs angered
Latin American countries believed it was more to protect the U.S., not them
Little impact at first
Used later as the U.S. became more powerful