The Southern Colonies CHAPTER 3 LESSON 4

VOCAB Indentured Servitude: laborer who agrees to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America Constitution: a list of fundamental laws to support a government Debtor: person or country that owes money

SOUTHERN COLONIES A warm climate Long growing season Rich soil Large scale agriculture

VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND Settlement of Jamestown marked beginning of settlement of North America and Virginia Utilized tobacco crop for $$$ Needed a lot of workers Therefore used slave labor (African slaves)

OTHER WORKERS Other workers (to harvest tobacco) included: Criminals and prisoners sent by England Could earn their freedom if they work for 7 years Others: Indentured Servants People who wanted to come to Americas but did not have money to get their To pay for their passage to America, they agreed to work without pay for a certain length of time

FOUNDING MARYLAND Founded by “Lord Baltimore” (Sir George Calvert) Calvert wanted a safe place for his fellow Catholics who faced persecution in England King Charles I gave him land grant north of Virginia Farmed- used slaves and indentured servants Lord Baltimore King Charles I

MARYLAND Calvert and Penn families argued a lot over boundaries 1760s they finally hired two men named Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundary between the two colonies. Boundary became known as the “Mason Dixon Line” Usually used as reference to where slaves are Many south of Mason Dixon line allow slavery later on while those above it eventually outlaw it

MARYLAND AND RELIGION Founded by Catholics Allowed both Protestants and Catholics To protect Catholics, they passed the “Act of Toleration” in Ensured freedom of worship for all However, in 1692, the colony became “Royal” (property of England. And the crown limited the worship of Catholics yet again as they did in England.

REBELLION IN VIRGINIA Virginia also experienced conflict Settlers eventually began moving west onto Native American lands BUT VA governor, William Berkeley had made a pledge to Natives to not allow his colonists to move further into Native lands. Berkeley wanted to prevent war between his Virginians and the Natives Berkeley

BACON’S REBELLION Nathaniel Bacon Young planter living in west VA Opposed the government of VA because he wanted to move west onto NA lands. Also disliked gov because it was dominated by easterners (eastern VA) Nathaniel Bacon

BACON’S REBELLION Bacon led attacks against Native Americans in these areas that Virginias began to illegally settle Also burned the capital, Jamestown, to the ground in protest of Berkeley. Had almost taken control of VA when he fell ill and died. England sent in troops and restored order

THE CAROLINAS AND GEORGIA 1663 King Charles II created a proprietary colony south of VA called Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land” King gave the colony to eight nobles John Locke- wrote a constitution for Carolina. English philosopher Outlined role of the government King Charles II John Locke

TWO CAROLINAS Split into North and South Carolinas Farmers from VA settled North Carolina Grew tobacco, sold timber and tar Settlers in South Carolina took advantage of fertile land and the harbor at Charleston Traded deerskin, lumber and beef

CAROLINA AGRICULTURE 1680s- Planters discovered that rice grew well in the wet coastal lowlands. Required much labor Demand for slave labor rose Another important crop: Indigo Invented by Eliza Lucas 1740s Dyed clothing blue became two separate royal colonies

GEORGIA Georgia- Founded in 1733 Last British colony set up in America James Oglethorpe received a charter from George II for a colony where debtors and poor people could make a fresh start In Britain, debtors (those who owed debts) could be imprisoned if they were unable to pay what they owed.

GEORGIA British also hoped Georgia would act as a buffer for any Spanish attack from Florida Oglethorpe built forts to protect against an attack Colony was comprised mostly of poor people and religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews Many colonists complained of Oglethorpe’s rules Banned rum/ slave labor Turned Georgia over to the king in 1751

CLOSURE: Use the following vocab words in a paragraph about the southern colonies: Indentured Servitude Constitution Debtor