1. Chapter 3 Section 4

2.  1660 – tobacco prices fall (largest American exported crop)  Large plantations can recover, small farms cannot  Building Colonies took work and people  Homes, land, churches, crops, and harvest  Indentured Servants – people who agreed to pay off a debt by doing work without pay  Also, English criminals, Scottish and Irish POW’s, and African slaves sent to Americas

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4.  Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – Catholic  Wanted a Catholic colony in the Americas  Died before gaining the grant from the king  Son, Cecilius Calvert, carried on the dream (never went)  Sent his two brothers to set up the colony  Named after Virgin Mary or Queen Henrietta Maria  Baltimore – Maryland port on the Potomac River  All people were asked to grow tobacco and one other crop (corn, wheat, veggies, and fruit)  Most owners were very wealthy, so workers came

5.  Boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania  Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon – British astronomers who drew the line  In Maryland, Protestants always outnumbered Catholics from the beginning  Act of Toleration – law that granted Catholics and Protestants the right to worship freely  Repealed in 1692 by the English government  Maryland became Anglican

6.  Nathaniel Bacon – planter and leader in western VA  Opposed the Eastern dominated government in VA  Led western VA settlers in Native American attacks  Led army on Jamestown and burn capital  Governor Berkeley exiled from VA  Bacon’s Rebellion – showed American rebel- nature and began militia for protection

7.  Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land”  Settlers formed a city “Charles’ Town” (Charleston)  John Locke – English political philosopher  Wrote the Carolina constitution – plan of government  Northern and Southern Carolina  North – mostly farmers and forest farmers (no port)  South – Good Harbor, most from Barbados, land produced rice (required hard labor)  Used Slaves to harvest sugar and rice  Eliza Lucas – developed flower crop “indigo”  Called “Blue Gold” of Carolina  More than half of Southern Carolina’s population was slaves  North and South Carolina split over governmental representation

8.  Last British colony – General John Oglethorpe  Planned as a debtor colony  Debtors – those who are unable to repay debts  Also, it was the buffer for Spanish attacks  First town = Savannah – forts to defend from Spain  Outlawed slavery, Catholics, and rum  Due to demand, slavery and rum bans lifted  GA had the highest non-British population on a British colony

9.  Quebec – founded by the French  1663 – New France becomes a French colony  Louis Joliet (fur trader) and Jacques Marquette (priest) – explored the Miss. River  Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – explored the Miss. again claimed the territory for King Louis XIV (Louisiana)  Founded a port named New Orleans  Tenant farmers – settlers pay a lord an annual rent and worked for lord a fixed number of days  New France grew so slowly that the Native Americans were not forced off their lands (France = respect)

10.  Spain settled all over South, Central, and North America  Santa Fe - Spanish settlement  Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California  Goal = set up a boundary between France and Mexico  Missions – religious settlements established to convert people to a faith  Junipero Serra – Franciscan monk founded a mission in San Diego  Set up 8 more missions along El Camino Real ( The Royal Highway) – Los Angeles and Monterey

11. Section 4-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Checking for Understanding __ 1.laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America __ 2.farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops __ 3.religious settlement __ 4.person or country that owes money __ 5.a formal plan of government A.indentured servant B.constitution C.debtor D.tenant farmer E.mission Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. A D E C B