VirginiaVirginia

Lost Colony of Roanoke ofhIJ1wMKtchttps:// ofhIJ1wMKtc

The Charter of the Virginia Company: § Same rights as England § Joint Stock Company § 1607-Jamestown settlement is founded settlement is founded § oiuc oiuc oiuc § Dp3s Dp3s Dp3s English Colonization

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

High Mortality Rates The “Starving Time”: 1607: 104 colonists By spring, 1608: 38 survived 1609: 300 more immigrants By spring, 1610: 60 survived 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants 1624 population: 1,200 Adult life expectancy: 40 years Death of children before age 5: 80%

Pocahontas =HlFlko7LbH4http:// =HlFlko7LbH4

Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy: §Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing. §Ruinous to soil when continuously planted. §Chained VA’s economy to a single crop. §Promoted use of plantation system – NEEDED cheap, abundant labor Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”

1624 James I revoked the charter of the bankrupt VA Company. §Thus, VA became a royal colony, under the king’s direct control! Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony

By 1660, tobacco prices tumbled - discontent among landless laborers and small farmers Poor farmers settled onto Indian land in Western VA despite treaties and Indians attacked farms Colonists demanded war with the Indians Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676 Nathaniel Bacon Governor William Berkeley D2k0w

Gov. William Berkley refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlements Berkeley had close relationship with Indians monopolized the fur trade with Indians Bacon led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley. Looted wealthy plantations Burned Jamestown to the ground AS A RESULT…… H. of Burgesses limited governor’s power and opened Indian land to colonists to settle Bacon’s Rebellion

Resentment between inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry on coastal plantations. §Socio-economic class differences/clashes between rural and urban communities would continue throughout American history. Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel  BLACK SLAVES!! Results of Bacon’s Rebellion

MarylandMaryland

George Calvert (1 st Lord Baltimore’s dream) Baltimore’s dream) King Charles I granted Charter to son Cecilius in A proprietary colony created in Tobacco would be the main crop. Easier time with Indians The Settlement of Maryland

St Mary’s City (1634)

Purpose: to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants. Toleration Act of 1649 §Supported by the Catholics in MD. §Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS. §Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.]. §In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!! Intent of the Colony

The Carolinas

* Rewarded supporters with huge land tracts -Carolinas -NY -NJ -GA -DE Carolina (North) Named after the King Charles II - 8 supporters - Proprietary colony -Very Democratic -Religious toleration -Frontiersmen, working class By 1720, N & S Carolina were a Royal Colony!

Port of Charles Town, SC 1712, split into 2 colonies Also named for King Charles II of England. Became the busiest port in the South. City with aristocratic feel Religious toleration attracted inhabitants.

The primary export. Rice was still an exotic food in England. By 1710, black slaves majority in South Carolina By 1720, 2/3 of population Crops : Rice American Long Grain Rice

Crops : Indigo In colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes. Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Georgia

18c Southern Colonies

Late-Coming Georgia Founded in 1733, By James Oglethorpe. Last of the 13 colonies. Named in honor of King George II. Proprietary charter granted for 21 yrs to group of Trustees

Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia: § Social Experiment – Fresh start for the “poor,” haven for debtors thrown into prison § As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana. No Alcohol. No slavery. * Slavery found in GA by 1750.

Failed Attempt Georgia different from the other 12 in that it actually received $$$$ from Parliament to get it started as a proprietary colony Couldn’t establish self government and gave up before their 21 year charter expired Became a royal colony in 1752