1. The
Middle & Southern
Colonies

2. 3a. What was the goal of the patroon system?
to attract settlers
3b. What three Middle Colonies offered
Religious freedom?
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York
3c. What were three crops grown in the
Southern Colonies?
rice, indigo, tobacco

3. “The Middle Colonies” on p. 83
Read
“The Middle Colonies” on p. 83
What attracted Catholics, Quakers, and Jews to these colonies?
What economic activities were important in the Middle Colonies?

4. New York

5. Settling the Middle Colonies

6. Henry Hudson’s Voyages

7. New Netherlands
New Netherlands  founded in the Hudson River area ( )
Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade.
Manhattan [New Amsterdam]
Purchased by Company for pennies per (22,000) acre.

8. New Amsterdam, 1660 Characteristics of New Amsterdam:
Patroon system - estates granted to a person who would settle 50 people on them.
A diverse population with many different languages.

9. New Netherlands & New Sweden

10. Swedes in New Netherlands
1655  Dutch under governor Peter Stuyvesant attack New Sweden.
New Sweden absorbed into New Netherland.

11. New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Colony
King Charles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]
1664  English soldiers arrived.
Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.
Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot.
Renamed “New York”
England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.
England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

12. Duke of York’s Original Charter

13. New Amsterdam, 1664

14. Dutch influence in New York
Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.
New York City seal.
Names  Harlem, Brooklyn
Architecture  gambrel roof
Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

15. Summarize the population of New York:
Settled by Dutch, overtaken by the English . Germans, Swedes also settled there - A diverse population & culture.

16. Pennsylvania

17. The Quakers
Called Quakers because they “quaked” during intense religious practices.
They offended religious & political leaders in England.
Refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England.
Believed all were equal before God – no special priveledges.
Pacifists – against war, violence

18. William Penn Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].
1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.
Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

19. Royal Land Grant to Penn

20. Penn & Native Americans
Bought [didn’t simply take] land from Indians.
Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

21. Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

22. Pennsylvanian Society
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!

23. Urban Population Growth 1650 - 1775

24. Summarize religious freedom of Pennsylvania:
Religious differences were tolerated

25. Summarize Pennsylvania’s relations with Native Americans:
Relatively friendly, because of the influence of Quaker beliefs.

26. New Jersey

27. New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor
1664  proprietors (Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berleley received the area from the Duke of York.
Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

28. How did New Jersey attract settlers (its charter)?
Proprietors – Sir George Carterat & Lord John Berkeley
Promised religious freedom, large grants of land, and a representative assembly.

29. Delaware

30. Delaware — PA’s Neighbor
Named after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].
1704  Penn granted 3 lower counties its own assembly.
Later broke away to form the colony of Delaware.

31. Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies1.
Tobacco uses up soil
Nutrients in 3 or 4 years.
Clear new land & plant a
new crop 2.
Plantation owners face a labor shortage for their tobacco & rice crops.
Bring in more slaves & indentured servants 3.
Religious tolerance,
free land, &
representative govt.
The Proprietors in the Carolinas need more settlers. 4.
Proprietors in the Carolinas do not protect the colonists very well.
Colonists overthrow the Proprietors, & the Carolinas became royal colonies

32. 5.
James Oglethorpe founds
Georgia for debtors & the
poor.
Debtors & poor people in
England need a fresh start. 6.
Bring a large free population to Georgia to own & defend
the land.
Spanish attack the English colonies from Florida 7.
Colonists in Georgia envy the wealth in the
Carolina.
Slavery is legalized
in Georgia. 8.
Poor settlers lose their
land to wealthy
Landowners.
Poor settlers move West to the frontier.

33. Ch.3.3 – The Southern Colonies In your notebooks, list the 51. 2. 3. 4. 5.

34. What present day states made up the
Southern Colonies
What present day states made up the
Southern colonies?

36. Ch. 3.3
The Southern Colonies
Today’s target:
Describe the settlement of the southern colonies

37. Maryland

38. What kind of society was planned for Maryland?
A Colony for Catholics
And . . .
Toleration Act of 1649
Guaranteed freedom to all CHRISTIANS.

39. The Settlement of Maryland
A charter was granted to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.
A proprietary colony created in 1634 for Catholics
A better location than Jamestown – why?
Tobacco would be the main crop.
In the late 1600s, black slaves began to be imported.

40. Colonization of Maryland

41. St Mary’s City (1634)

42. Currency in Early Maryland

43. MD Toleration Act, 1649

44. The Carolinas Charles II rewarded 8 supporters from the
English Civil War a grant of land named
“Carolina”

45. Settling the “Lower South”
Settlers from Virginia
Settlers from
West Indies

46. From The West Indies to Mainland America
1670  a group of small English farmers from the West Indies (Barbados) arrived in Carolina & French Protestants
Native American land was taken & they were sold into slavery.
By 1710  black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

47. Port of Charles Town, SC Also named for King Charles II of England.
Became the busiest port in the South.
Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

48. American Long Grain Rice
Crops of the Carolinas: Rice
The primary export.
Rice - was still an exotic food in England.
Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.
These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.
American Long Grain Rice

49. Crops of the Carolinas: Indigo
main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads
Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

50. Rice & Indigo Exports from SC & GA: 1698-1775

51. The Emergence of North Carolina
Northern part of Carolina shared a border with VA
Dissenters from VA moved south to northern Carolina.
1712  NC officially separated from SC.

52. Georgia

53. 18c Southern Colonies

54. Late-Coming Georgia Founded in 1733. Last of the 13 colonies.
Named in honor of King George II.
Founded by James Oglethorpe.

55. Georgia--The “Buffer” Colony
Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:
Became a royal colony to serve as a “buffer” between the Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.
Export silk and wine.
A place for debtors thrown into prison.

56. The Port City of Savannah
Diverse community.
All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.
Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians.