Warm Up: Monday, September 10 th Happy Monday! Warm Up: –How does a person become famous? –How do they stay famous after their death? –Part II: name two places where you see the word “Caesar” in pop culture.

To Do: Tomorrow we will be doing a Freshman Orientation –Meet here; we will go to the room together. Today we will be going over Julius Caesar! Shortened schedule!

Goals: Students will be able to: –Understand the events that led up to the civil wars in Rome –Analyze the emergence of Julius Caesar in power –Identify the events surrounding Julius Caesar’s death and how it affected the world today

Julius Caesar

The Roman Republic Declines Rome plunged into a series of civil wars. For the next 50 years (80-31 B.C) The issue was who should hold power: – Senate, which wanted to govern as it had in the past, –Popular political leaders, who wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms

Turmoil The turmoil sparked: –slave uprisings at home –revolts among Rome’s allies. The old legions of Roman citizen-soldiers became professional armies whose first loyalty was to their commanders.

Slaves as Enemies

Slave Revolts

Three Victorious Leaders 1. Crassus- richest man in Rome 2.Pompey- military victory in Spain 3.Caesar- also hero from Spain

The First Triumvirate Triumvirate(def)- a government by three people with equal powerTriumvirate(def)- a government by three people with equal power Crassus and Pompey elected consuls in 70 B.C.Crassus and Pompey elected consuls in 70 B.C. General Julius Caesar joins themGeneral Julius Caesar joins them –popular for his conquests in Spain and Gaul convinces Crassus and Pompey to reconcile

Enemies Caesar elected consul in 59 B.C. and the Triumvirate beginsCaesar elected consul in 59 B.C. and the Triumvirate begins –Crassus dies in war –Pompey and Caesar become enemies

Area of Influence Pompey- Command in Spain Crassus- Command of Syria Caesar- command in Gaul(modern France) –He was extremely popular

And then there were two… Crassus dies in battle in 53. B.C. –Only Pompey and Caesar are left! –Senators fear Caesar’s popularity- want Caesar to step down and Pompey to be the sole ruler

A New Civil War Caesar vs. Pompey Senate demands Caesar gives up legion and his provinces (50 b.c.)Senate demands Caesar gives up legion and his provinces (50 b.c.) –Caesar marches his men across the Rubicon River and into Rome (49 b.c.) –Caesar defeats Pompey’s army in Greece; Pompey is assassinated by the Egyptians (48 b.c.)Pompey is assassinated by the Egyptians (48 b.c.)

He then swept around the Mediterranean, suppressing rebellions. “Veni, vidi, vici”—“I came, I saw, I conquered”—he announced after one victory.

Caesar Takes Power Returns to Rome and is appointed Dictator for lifeReturns to Rome and is appointed Dictator for life Dictator(def): absolute rulerDictator(def): absolute ruler This position was usually temporary, except for emergenciesThis position was usually temporary, except for emergencies

Caesar in Power Added 900 supporters to Senate- mad the Senate weakerAdded 900 supporters to Senate- mad the Senate weaker created jobs and land for the poorcreated jobs and land for the poor expanded Roman citizenship to his supportersexpanded Roman citizenship to his supporters Julian Calendar (365 days) plus a leap yearJulian Calendar (365 days) plus a leap year unpopular with the wealthy and Senate—he is Assassinated!unpopular with the wealthy and Senate—he is Assassinated!

Under Caesar’s Rule

The Ides of March (March 15, 44 B.C.) Caesar assassinated by the Senate (stabbed 23 times) Calpurnia warns him not to speak at Senate Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus behind the plan –They thought they could restore the Republic –Civil War breaks out again

Vincenzo Camuccini, Death of Caesar, 1798

Activity: Julius Caesar article and questions

CSI Rome: Up Next