England in the 17th Century The Struggle between the King (Absolutism) and Parliament (Limited Monarchy) due to Political and Religious Issues –1–1

Be able to answer the following question (might be on the test): Why did James I and Charles I fail to establish an absolute monarchy in England? –2–2 –11/22/2015

From Absolutism to a Puritan Dictatorship And how does England do it??? -bloody civil war, execution of a king, military dictatorship, –11/22/2015 –3–3

The Decline of Royal Absolutism Elizabeth I dies childless in 1603 selects James Stuart (Scottish cousin) to succeed James I, r – 1625 (King of England, Scotland and Ireland) Devoted to idea of ruling by divine right The Trew Law of Monarchy Conflicts with Parliament ($$$) Conflicts with Catholics and Puritans –11/22/2015 –4–4

Role of Parliament under James I & Charles I What power did the Parliament have during the reign of James I and Charles I? Right to raise taxes or approve new taxes What kind of relationship did Parliament want to have with the king? Parliament wanted to be able to “criticize policy” – what does this mean??? What kind of relationship did the king want to have with Parliament? “Parliament was no place for every rash and hair-brained fellow to propose laws of his own invention.” –5–5 –11/22/2015

James I – Religious Issues Anti-Catholic Policies – backlash from Ulster Uprising in Ireland, 1597 Call to expel all Catholic priests, 1604 Guy Fawkes and Gunpowder Plot, 1605 After this James I sided with even Puritans against the Catholics Puritans (who were they?) “No Bishop, no King. When I mean to live under a presbytery I will go to Scotland again. ” – James I against the removal of Anglican (arch)bishops King James Bible, 1611 – Bible to be used throughout the Church of England –11/22/2015 –6–6

James I and Colonial America Reasons for colonization: To escape religious persecution (Separatists & Catholics) Maryland – Catholics Plymouth Colony – Pilgrims Massachusetts Bay Colony - Puritans Economic profit for private merchants – Joint- Stock Company Virginia Colony = tobacco –7–7 –11/22/2015

Charles I, Adhered to divine right of kings = problems with Parliament 1626 – Parliament summoned but won’t approve funds for war with Spain 1627 – Parliament responds with The Petition of Right 1.Charles will not imprison subjects without due cause 2.Charles will not force loans or levy taxes without consent 3.Charles will not house soldiers in private houses without consent 4.Charles will not impose martial law in a time of peace 1629 – Charles dissolves Parliament Ran up the debt = enraged English –11/22/2015 –8–8

Charles I – Religious Issues 1633, Archbishop Laud institutes Anglican Reform (interpreted as Catholic influenced) Puritans in Parliament are outraged – King is trying to control them by controlling religion Charles tries to implement the Book of Common Prayer in Scotland and they rebel , Bishop’s Wars with Scotland When wars end Charles must pay war reparations SO 1640 Charles calls the Long Parliament to request funds And Parliament responds with… –11/22/2015 –9–9

The Long Parliament, Parliament declares and Charles originally agrees that: 1.Parliament may not be disbanded without the consent of Parliament 2.Parliament must meet on a regular basis Archbishop Laud arrested 1641 Scottish Parliament given more liberties than English SO… English Parliament demands the same liberties Charles denies EP wants to ban Anglican bishops – Catholics in Ireland rebel – EP won’t give Charles any money to quell the Irish uprising SO… – 10 –11/22/2015

English Civil War, Charles I declares war on Parliament King Charles’ Cavaliers – military force supporting the king Roundheads – Parliamentary force opposing the king 1645 Charles defeated – surrendered to Scottish 1647 – Charles returned to EP by Scottish 1648 – Pride’s Purge: supporters of king are thrown out of Parliament 1649 – Charles is tried and publically executed for treason against England – 11 –11/22/2015

The Execution of Charles I –11/22/2015 –12

Who will rule? Who were the Levellers and what did they advocate? Who were the Diggers and what did they advocate? In the end the Puritans and Parliament won out… – 13 –11/22/2015

Puritan Republic – The Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell led the new gov’t = Commonwealth declared Gov’t without a king whose power rests in Parliament and a council of state Reality: Instrument of Government gave power to Cromwell Pride’s Purge, 1648 = Rump Parliament of Puritan supporters Eventually he shut down Parliament entirely! 1653 dissolves Rump, 1655 dissolves entire Parliament He created a Puritan military dictatorship –11/22/2015 –14

Cromwell dismisses Parliament, 1655 – 15 –11/22/2015

Puritan Republic – The Commonwealth Military Dictatorship Absolutist, puritanical Religious toleration except for Catholics Especially fierce in Ireland Crushed revolution in Scotland & Ireland Censored the press Closed Theater – strict moral laws Mercantilism used in the economy Navigation Act 1651 Required that English goods be traded only on English ships 1658 Cromwell dies Why did Cromwell’s commonwealth ultimately fail? –11/22/2015 –16

The Restoration of the Stuarts, 1660 Charles II Fought for his father during the Civil War Lived in exile in Holland and France Attempted failed revolution in 1651 Invited to return in 1660: crowned on his birthday, 30 May 1660 –11/22/2015 –17