1. Student Response “ It would suck. You wouldn’t be able to have any voice in government. You also might be poor and hungry”. “I would try to change absolutism because it would suck without a voice in government and being hungry. I would change it by rising up in rebellion and lead a revolution to get food for myself”.

2. Student Response “I would feel like that you wouldn’t have any freedom”. “I would try to change the monarch so people would have a say in the government. I would start a revolt against the monarchy; to try to take over the government”.

3. Student Response “I think it would be cruel. But it might just depend on the ruler. I think it would be cruel because you don’t have freedoms”. As the lower class, I would try to change Absolutism. I don’t know how because I wouldn’t have a lot of freedoms, so I would be limited. But maybe rebel against the kingdom”.

4. Student Response “I think I would have very little freedom and power over my own life. Life would be miserable. I would not embrace living under absolutism. I would try to change it by finding others that felt the same way I did and rally against the monarchy. Hopefully it would cause a revolution”.

5. Commonwealth- A republic. Constitution- Document outlining the basic laws and principles that govern a nation. Petition of Right- Petition stating four ancient liberties presented to Parliament by Charles I. Long Parliament- English Parliament elected in 1640 that convened on and off for 20 years.

6. Cavaliers- Those who supported the king in the English Civil War; also known as royalists. Roundheads- Those who supported Parliament in the English Civil War. New Model Army- Cromwell’s powerful army that defeated King Charles in the English Civil War. Rump Parliament- Parliament controlled by Oliver Cromwell that abolished the monarchy and proclaimed England a republic.

7. Navigation Act of 1651- Law that required imported goods to be carried in English ships or ships of the country making the goods. Charles I- son of James I and absolute monarch of England Oliver Cromwell- leader of the Roundheads who tried to establish a republic in England

8. 20.1

9. I.Charles I and Parliament 1. Charles I, son of James I, believed in the divine rights of kings 2. Parliament forces Charles I to sign the Petition of Rights i. No taxes w/o consent of Parliament ii. No martial law iii. No boarding of soldiers in peacetime iv. No imprisonment w/o just cause 3. Charles dismissed Parliament for 11 yrs, imprisoned objectors of his collecting taxes. 4. Puritans opposed Charles I b/c they believed he was too catholic. 5. Charles tried to force Scottish churches to follow Anglican practices. 6. Charles called Parliament into session to collect taxes to defeat the Scots.

11. II. The Long Parliament 1. Ended the kings power to dissolve Parliament 2. Parliament must meet once every three years 3. Public support shifted when Parliament tried to make changes to the Anglican Church. 4. Irish Rebellion- Parliament run army vs. king controlled army. 5. Civil War in England began.

12. III. English Civil War 1. Cavaliers- supporters of the king 2. Roundheads- supporters of Parliament i. Oliver Cromwell- New Model Army ii. Defeated Charles I and he fled to Scotland iii. Rump Parliament- Cromwell’s parliament a. Abolished the monarchy and House of Lords. b. Tried to establish a commonwealth, or republic.

14. IV. Cromwell’s Commonwealth 1. Republic failed and Cromwell was forced to rule as a military dictator. 2. Twice he unsuccessfully tried to establish a constitution. 3. Navigation Act- all English goods would be transported by English ships.

15. V. End of Revolution 1. After the failing republic, the English people agreed to restore the monarchy– Charles II.

16. Causes of the English Civil War English Civil War Conflict between royalty and Parliament Irish Rebellion Population rejected radical Puritan’s attempt to change the church Efforts of Long Parliament to limit the monarchy’s power