Animal Reproduction Ch. 10

Function new animals are brought into the production cycle for use by humans involve all systems of the animals body –all must work in harmony

Male

Pathway for Sperm Testicle Epididymis Vas deferens Seminal Vessicles Prostate Gland Cowper’s Gland Penis

Testicles Male sex organ –produce hormone testosterone –produced in the interstitial cells –controls the animals sex drive –plays role in the development of sex characteristics

Male Sex Characteristics Makes a male look like a male –broad, massive head –weight concentrated in the shoulder –masculine appearance

Testicles (cont.) housed in the scrotum –heat regulating structure viable sperm will not develop at body temp. Seminiferous tubules –produce sperm –50 football fields

Epididymis Four Functions –transport –storage –maturation –concentration of sperm remove water

Vas deferens transports mature sperm from the tail of the epididymis past the secondary sex glands

Secondary Sex Glands Seminal vessicles –holding place of sperm –secrete fluid Prostate gland –fluid supplies nutrients for sperm –muscular gland that expels semen

Secondary Sex Glands Cowper’s Gland –fluid cleans the urethra –thickens semen

Urethra and Penis Urethra –conduit for urine and semen Penis –expels semen into female tract –protected by sheath

Female

Pathway for Ovum Ovaries Infundibulum Fallopian Tube Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva

Ovaries located near the kidneys produces estrogen –female sex hormone causes onset of puberty –female body changes prepares rest of reproductive tract for embryo

all ova present at birth –mature cow 75,000 present only used Ovaries

Maturation of Ova Primary Follicles –potential ova found near the surface of the ovary –Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) produced in the Pituitary gland causes follicle to mature –Graafian follicle

Maturation of Ova Luteinizing Hormone (LH) –produced in the Pituitary Gland –causes rupture of Graafian follicle and release of ovum Corpus Luteum (CL) –scar-like structure produced at rupture site

Infundibulum top of fallopian tube finger-like projections –brings ova into fallopian tube

Fallopian Tube (Oviduct) site of fertilization –upper third –can occur on either side moves ovum to uterus

Uterus consists of main body and two horns fetal development occurs in either horn

Uterus Functions 1Pathway for sperm contractile actions move sperm 2Sustains embryo through secretions 3Attachment point for growing embryo 4Expulsion of fetus and membranes placenta once expelled = afterbirth

Uterus Supported by broad ligament –supplies blood and nerves to uterus Caruncles –small projections in mucus layer –rich in blood –serve as attachment points for placenta cotyledons

Cervix Separates uterine cavity from vaginal cavity Functions 1Seals uterus protect from bacterial and other foreign invasions 2Passageway for sperm 3When pregnant, a plug forms protecting the fetus

Vagina · Copulatory organ of the female · Site of semen deposition

Vulva · External reproductive organ · Used as an aid in heat detection