Behavioral Therapy Chapter 12 1

Behavioral Therapy  Based on learning theory  Classical conditioning  Operant conditioning  Observational learning  Classical conditioning - Pavlov, Watson – Little Albert 2 CS(white rat) UCS(load noise) UCR(crying/fear)CR(fear).

 Classical Conditioning Treatment  Joseph Wolpe - Systematic desensitization  Systematic desensitization 1. Development of anxiety hierarchy 2. Relaxation training 3. The desensitization process  Emotional flooding (exposure therapy) – Based on extinction principles – Example. 3 – Peter - Mary Jones CS(rabbit)UCS(food/play) UCR(positive affect)CR(pa)

Operant Conditioning - B.F. Skinner  Reinforcement  Positive reinforcement  Negative reinforcement  Punishment  Experimental analysis of behavior - a study of the relationship of 3 things - environmental stimulus (setting conditions/antecedents), observable behavior, and consequences of behavior. (casebook, p ). 4

 D’Angelo and Ruth (casebook)  Assessment: antecedents and consequences; keeping records  Focus on present  Attention directed to observable behavior – also can include emotion and thoughts  Evaluation of antecedents and consequences  Try new behaviors; devise plans  Token economies  Parent training  Self-management. 5

Observational learning - Albert Bandura  Modeling  Brings in cognitive component  Bandura - all successful therapy increases ones degree of self-efficacy  Self-efficacy - a person’s expectancy that he or she can successfully perform a given behavior. 6

 Sources of self-efficacy 1. Performance accomplish 2. Vicarious experience 3. Verbal persuasion 4. Emotional arousal  The use of modeling  Assertiveness training. 7

Multimodal therapy -  an empirical eclectic approach developed by the behaviorist Arnold Lazarus  Based on the assessment of the BASIC I.D. B - behavior A - affect S - sensation I - imagery C- cognition I - interpersonal relationships D - drugs and biological factors. 8

Modality Problem Treatment Behavior Inability to express anger Assertive training Affect Anxiety and tension Relaxation training Sensation Heart Palpitations, Fatigue Imagery Negative images of oneself Coping imagery exe. Cognition Irrational thoughts Cognitive disputation Interpersonal Avoids confrontation Risk-taking exercises Drugs & Biological 9

Stages of Behavior Therapy Define the problem accurately in terms of behavior. Assessment Development history Establish specific goals, breaking down large goals into achievable units Determine the best method for change. 10