1. Behavioral Therapies AP PSYCH CH 13

2. Behavioral Therapies  A.k.a. behavior modification  2 nd main branch of psychotherapies  Is based on the principles of behavioral learning  Classical conditioning  Operant conditioning  Behaviors are LEARNED so they can be UNLEARNED  Focus on changing patient’s RESPONSE  Effective for treatment of bad habits, fears, addictions, aggression, compulsions, depression, delinquent behaviors

4. C.C. Therapies a history  Mary Corver Jones – 1 st person to implement behavioral therapy  Peter feared rabbits. Brought it closer and closer to him while he was eating.  Bed wetting – fluid-sensitive pad placed under patient. Moisture sets off alarm, patient wakes up. Effective in 75% of cases.

5. C.C. Review  UCS  Naturally elicits the  UCR  NS  Is paired with the UCS, becomes the  CS  Which elicits the  CR  Which is usually the same as the UCR

6. C.C. Therapies Systematic Desensitization  Anxiety disorders  Anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety- provoking stimulus  First used by Joseph Wolpe  Process:  Training program that teaches relaxation techniques  While they are relaxed, introduce thoughts about anxiety provoking situation  Work through a hierarchy, until exposed to that fear  GOAL: Learn to form a new association. Replace anxiety with relaxation.

7. Sample Anxiety Hierarchy  For fear of public speaking 1. Seeing a picture of another person giving a speech 2. Watch another person give a speech 3. Prepare a speech that I will give 4. Having to introduce myself to a large group 5. Waiting to be called upon to speak in a meeting 6. Begin introduced as a speaking to a group 7. Walking to the podium to make a speech 8. Making a speech to a large group

8. Another form of systematic desensitization  Exposure therapy – patient directly confronts the anxiety-provoking stimulus

9. C.C. Therapies Aversion Therapy  Pair stimulus (behavior) that patient wants to stop with an unpleasant (aversive) stimuli  Used to treat smoking, drug use, alcoholism, violent aggressions, sexual behaviors (pedophilia), overeating  Unpleasant stimulus could be a foul odor, nausea inducing pill, shock UCS (foul odor) CS (cigarette smoking) UCR (nausea) CR causes paired with

10. Operant Conditioning Therapies Contingency Management  REVIEW: Based on rewards and punishments  Rewards increase chance behavior will occur  Punishments decrease chance behavior will occur  Positive – adding something  Negative – taking something away  Contingency Management – changing behavior by altering the consequences of behavior  Managing behavior problems; can be used effectively for children with A.S.D.

11. O.C. Therapies Token Economies  REVIEW  Applied to groups  Involves distribution of “tokens” for desired behaviors  Redeem tokens for items or privileges  Works well for mental patients and prisoners  PROBLEM:  Once reward ends, behavior often also ends

12. Observational Learning Therapy Participant Modeling  Fears and anxieties can be LEARNED by OBSERVING others  Parents unknowingly teach their children many fears  So, fears can also be unlearned by observation  PARTICIPANT MODELING:  Therapist demonstrates a desired behavior and encourages client to imitate

13. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

14. CBT  Combines emphasis on thoughts with behavioral strategies  Changes the way people approach problems and develop new skills and self-efficacy 1. Modify irrational thoughts and replace with constructive coping statements 2. Set attainable behavioral goals 3. Develop strategies for attaining goals 4. Evaluate results

15. Form of CBT: Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy  Developed by Albert Ellis  Goal: to help people eliminate self-defeating thought patterns  Based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors cause mental disorders  Ellis believed that many people hold unrealistic values and goals  Neurotic goals lead to unrealistic expectations  Ex: we cannot ALWAYS succeed  Being unable to meet goals can control our actions, stall us from leading best life  Treatment: includes changing irrational thoughts to rational ones  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cOLJBPQZRA&list=PLfGO x-4FZikOvYe2aerIhRnqsEN5P1x4M